Analysis of structure and control of the loop-locked ultra-precise 2D flexible hinge stage for optical measurement

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Yang ◽  
Lijun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Flexible Hinge ◽  
And Control

Image Distortion, between Unwanted Geometric Aberration and the Tool Used to Improve Observation Equipment Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Guzulescu ◽  
Cornel Todirică ◽  
Daniel Lăpădat
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Image Distortion ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Object Appearance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Equipment Performance

An distortion aberration free optical system forms an orthoscopic image mean that is similar to original object, undeformed. Naturally imply that most optical systems are designed so that the image distortion is minimal, not to cause inconvenience to the user about either the object appearance – when it comes to a camera or camcorder, or the deformities that may cause measurement errors – when it comes to optical measurement and control equipment. However there are situations when distortion is desired to improve some performances of the observation optical system. In this article we present how distortion is used to increase the field of view, and also how distortion is used to optimize the field of view – resolution compromise.

scholarly journals Seeing the Light: The Use of Zebrafish for Optogenetic Studies of the Heart

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Baillie ◽  
Matthew R. Stoyek ◽  
T. Alexander Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spatiotemporal Control ◽  
Insight Into

Optogenetics, involving the optical measurement and manipulation of cellular activity with genetically encoded light-sensitive proteins (“reporters” and “actuators”), is a powerful experimental technique for probing (patho-)physiological function. Originally developed as a tool for neuroscience, it has now been utilized in cardiac research for over a decade, providing novel insight into the electrophysiology of the healthy and diseased heart. Among the pioneering cardiac applications of optogenetic actuators were studies in zebrafish, which first demonstrated their use for precise spatiotemporal control of cardiac activity. Zebrafish were also adopted early as an experimental model for the use of optogenetic reporters, including genetically encoded voltage- and calcium-sensitive indicators. Beyond optogenetic studies, zebrafish are becoming an increasingly important tool for cardiac research, as they combine many of the advantages of integrative and reduced experimental models. The zebrafish has striking genetic and functional cardiac similarities to that of mammals, its genome is fully sequenced and can be modified using standard techniques, it has been used to recapitulate a variety of cardiac diseases, and it allows for high-throughput investigations. For optogenetic studies, zebrafish provide additional advantages, as the whole zebrafish heart can be visualized and interrogated in vivo in the transparent, externally developing embryo, and the relatively small adult heart allows for in situ cell-specific observation and control not possible in mammals. With the advent of increasingly sophisticated fluorescence imaging approaches and methods for spatially-resolved light stimulation in the heart, the zebrafish represents an experimental model with unrealized potential for cardiac optogenetic studies. In this review we summarize the use of zebrafish for optogenetic investigations in the heart, highlighting their specific advantages and limitations, and their potential for future cardiac research.

scholarly journals Automatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7575
Author(s):  
Rossana Galassi ◽  
Christian Contini ◽  
Matteo Pucci ◽  
Ennio Gambi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Para Xylene ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Related Compounds

The presence of benzene and similar aromatic compounds in civil environments is due to anthropic actions but also to natural sources. Natural gas consists of a gas mixture where benzene and related compounds are usually presents. Thus, the detection of these compounds in natural gas pipelines is of the utmost importance as well as the control of the concentration level, which must remain below the limits consented by law. In this regard, it is of striking interest to engineer devices able to detect these compounds by automatic and continuous remote control. Here, we discuss the application of an optical device designed for the measurement of sulfured odorizing agents in natural gas pipelines aiming at the detection and the measurement of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) in the same contexts. The instrument consists of a customized UV spectrophotometer connected to an automatic control system able to provide in-field detections of BTX through a continuous and remote check of the gaseous mixture. Relatively to benzene, the instrument is characterized by values of LOD (level of detection) and LOQ (level of quantification) equal to 0.55 and 1.84 mg/Sm3, respectively. Similar limits are found for toluene and xylenes (LOD of 0.81, 1.05, 1.41, and 1.00 mg/Sm3 for toluene, meta-, ortho-, and para-xylene, respectively).

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