Data analysis and statistical tests for near-infrared functional studies of the brain

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Sassaroli ◽  
Yunjie Tong ◽  
Christian Benes ◽  
Sergio Fantini
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) based Odor Detection and Classification using Functional Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Moradi ◽  
Shima T. Moein ◽  
Issa Zakeri ◽  
Kambiz Pourrezaei
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Data Analysis ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Stimulus Condition ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAn objective approach for odor detection is to analyze the brain activity using imaging techniques during the odor stimulation. In this study, Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is used to record hemodynamic response from the frontal region of the brain by using a 4-channel fNIRS system. The fNIRs data is collected during the odor detection task in which the subjects were asked to press a button when they detect the given odor. Functional Data Analysis (FDA) was applied on fNIRs data to convert discrete measured samples of data to continuous smooth curves. The FDA method enables us to use the bases coefficients of fNIRS smoothed curves for features that represent the shape of the raw fNIRS signal. With the learning algorithm that we proposed, these features were used to train the support vector machine classifier. We evaluated the odor detection problem, in two binary classification cases: odorant vs. non-odorant and odorant vs. fingertapping. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 94.12% and 97.06% over the stimulus condition in the two cases, respectively. Moreover to find the actual predictors we used the extracted defined features (slope, standard deviation, and delta) to train our classifier. We achieved an average accuracy of 91.18 % on classifying odorant vs. non-odorant and an accuracy of 94.12% for odorant vs. fingertapping on the stimulus condition. The results determined that fNIRs signals of odorant and non-odorant are distinguishable without being affected by the motor activity during the experiment.These findings suggest that fNIRs measurement on the forehead could be potentially used for objective and comparably inexpensive assessment of odor detection in cases that the subjective report is unreliable.

scholarly journals New multichannel near infrared spectrophotometry system for functional studies of the brain in adults and neonates

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haensse ◽  
Peter Szabo ◽  
Derek Brown ◽  
Jean-Claude Fauchère ◽  
Peter Niederer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Mismatch between Tissue Partial Oxygen Pressure and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neuromonitoring of Tissue Respiration in Acute Brain Trauma: The Rationale for Implementing a Multimodal Monitoring Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Mario Forcione ◽  
Mario Ganau ◽  
Lara Prisco ◽  
Antonio Maria Chiarelli ◽  
Andrea Bellelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Partial Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Partial Oxygen

The brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PbtO2) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuromonitoring are frequently compared in the management of acute moderate and severe traumatic brain injury patients; however, the relationship between their respective output parameters flows from the complex pathogenesis of tissue respiration after brain trauma. NIRS neuromonitoring overcomes certain limitations related to the heterogeneity of the pathology across the brain that cannot be adequately addressed by local-sample invasive neuromonitoring (e.g., PbtO2 neuromonitoring, microdialysis), and it allows clinicians to assess parameters that cannot otherwise be scanned. The anatomical co-registration of an NIRS signal with axial imaging (e.g., computerized tomography scan) enhances the optical signal, which can be changed by the anatomy of the lesions and the significance of the radiological assessment. These arguments led us to conclude that rather than aiming to substitute PbtO2 with tissue saturation, multiple types of NIRS should be included via multimodal systemic- and neuro-monitoring, whose values then are incorporated into biosignatures linked to patient status and prognosis. Discussion on the abnormalities in tissue respiration due to brain trauma and how they affect the PbtO2 and NIRS neuromonitoring is given.

Factors that Influence Purchase on Cinema Online Tickets Using Tix-Id Application, through Buying Interest

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
John Ehj. Foeh ◽  
Adler Haymans Manurung ◽  
Florentina Kurniasari ◽  
Tipri Rose Kartika ◽  
Sandra Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Application Form ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Data Analysis Methods

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect directly and indirectly such as promotion, convenience, and security on the decision to purchase online cinema tickets with the TIX ID application through consumer buying interest. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire that is distributed online via the google application form. Data analysis methods include validity, reliability, classical assumptions, and SEM tests. The number of samples in this study were 200 respondents who had met the minimum requirements for using SEM (structural equation models). Data processing using SPSS and AMOS. The results showed that promotion and convenience factors had a significant effect on purchase intention, while security did not have a significant effect on purchase intention. The results of statistical tests show that there is no influence of the promotion, convenience, and security variables on purchasing decisions. Furthermore, the results show that promotion and convenience factors indirectly influence purchasing decisions through purchase intention.

A DEEP BREATHING EXERCISE MANAGEMENT IN ARCHERY TO MEMORIZING AL-QUR'AN TO STUDENT OF TAHFIDZ QUR'AN AT SMP AD-DHUHA JEMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akhmad Efrizal Amrullah ◽  
Ridlo Hafidz Faqih ◽  
Miftakhur Rohman ◽  
Candra Aditya Hermansyah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Brain Oxygenation ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Brain

Memorizing Al-Qur'an is an effort to maintain the purity of the Al-Qur'an. The Qur'an tahfidz program is one of the activities intended to prevent the Qur'an from changing and falsifying either partially or completely. As the name implies, this program is applied to tahfidz Qur'an student to memorize Al-Qur'an under the guidance of their teacher. Memorization ability is determined by memory capacity which indicates brain health, one of which is influenced by the supply of oxygen to the brain. One way to maintain brain oxygenation is the management of deep breathing exercises combined with archery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of deep breathing exercises management in archery to achievement of memorizing the Qur'an. This research was held at SMP Ad-Dhuha Jember with a quasi-experimental one group pretest-posttest design method and was conducted in April-June 2019. The type of sample used was a total sampling of 34 respondents. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results showed an increase in the achievement of memorizing Al-Qur'an among students of the tahfidz Qur'an after managing deep breathing exercises with archery. Data analysis with alpha (α) <0.05 indicates a p value of 0.000 so that Ho is rejected. Thus there is an effect of deep breathing exercises management in archery on the achievement of memorizing the Al-Qur'an. A strong memory is needed to keep memorizing Al-Qur'an. To help increase the memory capacity of the brain, it requires an adequate supply of oxygen. Deep breathing exercises management combined with archery can be a way to maintain brain oxygenation. This exercise focuses on fullfiling oxygen needs, which in the process of memorizing the brain's memory functions are widely used.

Abstract 273: Noninvasive Mitochondrial Modulation: Neuroprotection in a Translational Model of Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Wider ◽  
Erin Gruley ◽  
Jennifer Mathieu ◽  
Emma Murphy ◽  
Rachel Mount ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapies

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cardiac arrest induced brain injury and has been a target for neuroprotective therapies. An emerging concept suggests that hyperactivation of neuronal mitochondria following resuscitation results in hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane during reperfusion, which drives generation of excess reactive oxygen species. Previous studies from our group demonstrated that limiting mitochondrial hyperactivity by non-invasively modulating mitochondrial function with specific near infrared light (NIR) wavelengths can reduce brain injury in small animal models of global and focal ischemia. Hypothesis: Inhibitory wavelengths of NIR will reduce neuronal injury and improve neurocognitive outcome in a clinically relevant swine model of cardiac arrest. Methods: Twenty-eight male and female adult swine were enrolled (3 groups: Sham, CA/CPR, and CA/CPR + NIR). Cardiac arrest (8 minutes) was induced with a ventricular pacing wire and followed by manual CPR with defibrillation and epinephrine every 30 seconds until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 2 of the 20 swine that underwent CA did not achieve ROSC and were not enrolled. Treatment groups were randomized prior to arrest and blinded to the CPR team. Treatment was applied at onset of ROSC by irradiating the scalp with 750 nm and 950 nm LEDs (5W) for 2 hours. Results: Sham-operated animals all survived (8/8), whereas 22% of untreated animals subjected to cardiac arrest died within 45 min of ROSC (CA/CPR, n= 7/9). All swine treated with NIR survived the duration of the study (CA/CPR + NIR, n=9/9). Four days following cardiac arrest, neurological deficit score was improved in the NIR treatment group (50 ± 21 CA/CPR vs. 0.8 ± 0.8 CA/CPR + NIR, p < 0.05). Additionally, neuronal death in the CA1/CA3 regions of the hippocampus, assessed by counting surviving neurons with stereology, was attenuated by treatment with NIR (17917 ± 5534 neurons/mm 3 CA/CPR vs. 44655 ± 5637 neurons/mm 3 CA/CPR + NIR, p < 0.05). All data is reported as mean ± SEM. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that noninvasive modulation of mitochondria, achieved by transcranial irradiation of the brain with NIR, mitigates post-cardiac arrest brain injury.

Reaction Monitoring in Explorative Organic Synthesis Using Fiber-Optical NIR Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1541-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-René Bjørsvik
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Reaction Profile

A method of combining spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis for obtaining quantitative information on how a reaction proceeds is presented. The method is an approach for the explorative synthetic organic laboratory rather than the analytical chemistry laboratory. The method implements near-infrared spectroscopy with an optical fiber transreflectance probe as instrumentation. The data analysis consists of decomposition of the spectral data, which are recorded during the course of a reaction by using principal component analysis to obtain latent variables, scores, and loading. From the scores and the corresponding reaction time, it is possible to obtain a reaction profile. This reaction profile can easily be recalculated to obtain the concentration profile over time. This calculation is based on only two quantitative measurements, which can be (1) measurement from the work-up of the reaction or (2) chromatographic analysis from two withdrawn samples during the reaction. The method is applied to the synthesis of 3-amino-propan-1,2-diol.

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