Improved photon-counting detector performance by intelligent management of detector deadtime

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Polyakov ◽  
Alan Migdall ◽  
I. P. Degiovanni ◽  
V. Schettini
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Photon Counting Detector ◽  
Intelligent Management

scholarly journals CdTe Based Energy Resolving, X-ray Photon Counting Detector Performance Assessment: The Effects of Charge Sharing Correction Algorithm Choice

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6093
Author(s):  
Oliver L. P. Pickford Scienti ◽  
Jeffrey C. Bamber ◽  
Dimitra G. Darambara
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Charge Sharing ◽  
Correction Algorithm ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Photon Counting Detector ◽  
Photon Counting Detectors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pixel Pitch ◽  
Made In

Most modern energy resolving, photon counting detectors employ small (sub 1 mm) pixels for high spatial resolution and low per pixel count rate requirements. These small pixels can suffer from a range of charge sharing effects (CSEs) that degrade both spectral analysis and imaging metrics. A range of charge sharing correction algorithms (CSCAs) have been proposed and validated by different groups to reduce CSEs, however their performance is often compared solely to the same system when no such corrections are made. In this paper, a combination of Monte Carlo and finite element methods are used to compare six different CSCAs with the case where no CSCA is employed, with respect to four different metrics: absolute detection efficiency, photopeak detection efficiency, relative coincidence counts, and binned spectral efficiency. The performance of the various CSCAs is explored when running on systems with pixel pitches ranging from 100 µm to 600µm, in 50 µm increments, and fluxes from 106 to 108 photons mm−2 s−1 are considered. Novel mechanistic explanations for the difference in performance of the various CSCAs are proposed and supported. This work represents a subset of a larger project in which pixel pitch, thickness, flux, and CSCA are all varied systematically.

scholarly journals The Effects of Spectral X-Ray Photon Counting Detector Parameters on Detector Performance: Thickness and Pitch

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 196541-196552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Len Paul Pickford Scienti ◽  
Jeffrey C. Bamber ◽  
Dimitra G. Darambara
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photon Counting Detector

Prospects of Time-Resolved Photon Emission as a Debug Tool

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Vickers ◽  
Nader Pakdaman ◽  
Steven Kasapi
Keyword(s):  
Photon Emission ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
General Function ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Switching Event ◽  
Emission System

Abstract Dynamic hot-electron emission using time-resolved photon counting can address the long-term failure analysis and debug requirements of the semiconductor industry's advanced devices. This article identifies the detector performance parameters and components that are required to scale and keep pace with the industry's requirements. It addresses the scalability of dynamic emission with the semiconductor advanced device roadmap. It is important to understand the limitations to determining that a switching event has occurred. The article explains the criteria for event detection, which is suitable for tracking signal propagation and looking for logic or other faults in which timing is not critical. It discusses conditions for event timing, whose goal is to determine accurately when a switching event has occurred, usually for speed path analysis. One of the uses of a dynamic emission system is to identify faults by studying the emission as a general function of time.

scholarly journals Quantitative dual contrast photon-counting computed tomography for assessment of articular cartilage health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Paakkari ◽  
Satu I. Inkinen ◽  
Miitu K. M. Honkanen ◽  
Mithilesh Prakash ◽  
Rubina Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Photon Counting Detector ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Reference Parameters

AbstractPhoton-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is a modern spectral imaging technique utilizing photon-counting detectors (PCDs). PCDs detect individual photons and classify them into fixed energy bins, thus enabling energy selective imaging, contrary to energy integrating detectors that detects and sums the total energy from all photons during acquisition. The structure and composition of the articular cartilage cannot be detected with native CT imaging but can be assessed using contrast-enhancement. Spectral imaging allows simultaneous decomposition of multiple contrast agents, which can be used to target and highlight discrete cartilage properties. Here we report, for the first time, the use of PCD-CT to quantify a cationic iodinated CA4+ (targeting proteoglycans) and a non-ionic gadolinium-based gadoteridol (reflecting water content) contrast agents inside human osteochondral tissue (n = 53). We performed PCD-CT scanning at diffusion equilibrium and compared the results against reference data of biomechanical and optical density measurements, and Mankin scoring. PCD-CT enables simultaneous quantification of the two contrast agent concentrations inside cartilage and the results correlate with the structural and functional reference parameters. With improved soft tissue contrast and assessment of proteoglycan and water contents, PCD-CT with the dual contrast agent method is of potential use for the detection and monitoring of osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals A Universal Protocol for Abdominal CT Examinations Performed on a Photon-Counting Detector CT System

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Gregory J. Michalak ◽  
Jayse M. Weaver ◽  
Hao Gong ◽  
Lifeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Photon Counting Detector ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Universal Protocol

scholarly journals Detection of Microcalcifications in Spiral Breast Computed Tomography with Photon-Counting Detector Is Feasible: A Specimen Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Matthias Wetzl ◽  
Evelyn Wenkel ◽  
Eva Balbach ◽  
Ebba Dethlefsen ◽  
Arndt Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Breast Biopsy ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Diagnostic Confidence ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
Photon Counting Detector ◽  
Smooth Kernel ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Breast Computed Tomography

The primary objective of the study was to compare a spiral breast computed tomography system (SBCT) to digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) for the detection of microcalcifications (MCs) in breast specimens. The secondary objective was to compare various reconstruction modes in SBCT. In total, 54 breast biopsy specimens were examined with mammography as a standard reference, with DBT, and with a dedicated SBCT containing a photon-counting detector. Three different reconstruction modes were applied for SBCT datasets (Recon1 = voxel size (0.15 mm)3, smooth kernel; Recon2 = voxel size (0.05 mm)3, smooth kernel; Recon3 = voxel size (0.05 mm)3, sharp kernel). Sensitivity and specificity of DBT and SBCT for the detection of suspicious MCs were analyzed, and the McNemar test was used for comparisons. Diagnostic confidence of the two readers (Likert Scale 1 = not confident; 5 = completely confident) was analyzed with ANOVA. Regarding detection of MCs, reader 1 had a higher sensitivity for DBT (94.3%) and Recon2 (94.9%) compared to Recon1 (88.5%; p < 0.05), while sensitivity for Recon3 was 92.4%. Respectively, reader 2 had a higher sensitivity for DBT (93.0%), Recon2 (92.4%), and Recon3 (93.0%) compared to Recon1 (86.0%; p < 0.05). Specificities ranged from 84.7–94.9% for both readers (p > 0.05). The diagnostic confidence of reader 1 was better with SBCT than with DBT (DBT 4.48 ± 0.88, Recon1 4.77 ± 0.66, Recon2 4.89 ± 0.44, and Recon3 4.75 ± 0.72; DBT vs. Recon1/2/3: p < 0.05), while reader 2 found no differences. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MCs in breast specimens is equal for DBT and SBCT when a small voxel size of (0.05 mm)3 is used with an equal or better diagnostic confidence for SBCT compared to DBT.

Evaluation of Timepix3 based CdTe photon counting detector for fully spectroscopic small animal SPECT imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. C01001-C01001 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Trojanova ◽  
J. Jakubek ◽  
D. Turecek ◽  
V. Sykora ◽  
P. Francova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Spect Imaging ◽  
Photon Counting Detector
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