Determination of surface temperature distribution in biological tissues during laser-immunotherapy

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya C. Gnyawali ◽  
Yichao Chen ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Kenneth E. Bartels ◽  
Jerry W. Ritchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Laser Immunotherapy

Analysis of the space-based surface temperature distribution in Badain Jaran Desert

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodolina Lopez ◽  
Haijun Hu ◽  
Yujun Cui ◽  
Raphaël Antoine ◽  
Ni An
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Evolution ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Badain Jaran Desert ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Starting Point

<p>The 49,000-km<sup>2 </sup>Badain Jaran Desert lies in the centre of Alxa Plateau in the western Inner Mongolian Region [1;2]. The southern part of this desert is characterised by the unique association of lakes with the tallest megadunes of Earth (general height varying between 150 and 350 m). The mean precipitation rate of this region is below 100 mm yr<sup>-1 </sup>and the evapotranspiration one is ~2600 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>. Around 140 lakes have been reported, mainly located in the interdunal region and they represent a mean surface of ~23 km<sup>2</sup>. In order to protect the water resource of this desert, scientific research such as the sources of groundwater and groundwater recharge has been carried out. One of the most interesting resulting hypotheses is the existence of a convective circulation of the groundwater [3;4;1;5]. Indeed, the ascending current of groundwater can 1) supply the lakes and 2) may play role in the cementation of the megadunes, process that is considered as the starting point for their development. Interestingly, at the surface of the megadunes, a dry layer is present and its depth varies between 20 and 50 cm. But below this dry layer, the sand is moistened [6].</p><p>Space-based thermal images from MODIS of this region display at first approximation a correlation between the topography and the surface temperature evolution. In order to understand the relationship between the surface temperature, topography and soil moisture, a fully coupled hydro-thermal method was adopted to simulate the interaction between the atmosphere and the first metre below the surface. The analysis process includes the determination of material parameters, initial and boundary conditions, the calculations of net solar radiation, actual evaporation and sensible heat. Our methodology relies on the measured temperature distribution by MODIS and the calculation shows the temperature evolution along with the elevation. The factors including sunshine direction (i.e. sunny or shadowed slope) and evaporation on the surface temperature distribution at Badain Jaran will be discussed.</p><p>[1] Dong et al. (2004), Geomorphology, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.07.023; [2] Dong et al. (2009), Geomorphology, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.10.015; [3] Chen et al. (2004), Nature, doi: 10.1038/432459a; [4] Chen et al. (2012), Geochemistry International, doi: 10.1134/s0016702912030044 ; [5] Gates et al. (2008), Applied Geochemistry, doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.07.019; [6]  Chen et al. (2006), Chinese Science Bulletin, doi; 10.1007/s11434-006-2196-8</p>

Determination of Gap Surface Temperature Distribution in Axial Piston Machines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Ivantysynova ◽  
Changchun Huang ◽  
Andreas J. Japing
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Gap Flow ◽  
Axial Piston

The paper presents a new method for determination of gap surface temperature distribution in axial piston machine. A special thermal model has been developed to consider the energy dissipation in the lubricating gap, the heat convection of the fluid and the heat conduction through the rotating group assuming constant case and port temperatures. The energy dissipation in the gap is calculated using gap flow model considering non-isothermal flow, surface deformation and micro motion of parts. The calculated surface temperatures are further used as boundary parameters for the 3D non-isothermal gap flow model. The developed thermal model has been implemented in a new module of the CASPAR simulation software. The program CASPAR has been developed in the research group of the authors (Wieczorek and Ivantysynova 2002, Huang and Ivantysynova 2003). The model will be explained and simulation results will be discussed and compared with measurements. A special single piston test pump has been designed and implemented on a special test rig allowing to measure surface temperature distribution, dynamic pressure field in the gap between piston and cylinder and leakage. The paper will present a comparison of calculated and measured surface temperature fields.

scholarly journals Broiler surface temperature distribution of 42 day old chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irenilza de Alencar Nääs ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Bites Romanini ◽  
Diego Pereira Neves ◽  
Guilherme Rodrigues do Nascimento ◽  
Rimena do Amaral Vercellino
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Thermographic Image

Broiler chickens in Brazil are generally reared from 1 to 42 days when they are exposed to procedures such as fasting, harvesting, crating and transport to slaughter. Maintaining homeostasis is of great importance for broiler survival under harsh environment especially prior to slaughter. Heat loss varies in the distinct parts of the body during the growth period, and it is related to the air temperature of the environment and to the amount of feather covering. This research aimed to study the surface temperature distribution using infrared thermographic image processing to characterize 42 day old broiler chicken surface temperature prior to slaughter. Broilers were reared for 42 days and prior to harvest and transport to slaughter the infrared surface temperature was recorded along the day. Data from the thermograms taken in feather and featherless regions were compared during the 42nd day of growth. High correlation between featherless regions and air temperature was found showing that these areas respond fast to changes in the rearing environment. Two functions were developed for predicting both surface temperature for featherless and feather covered areas of the broiler body parts.

scholarly journals Surface Temperature Distribution Characteristics of Marangoni Condensation for Ethanol–Water Mixture Vapor Based on Thermal Infrared Images

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6057
Author(s):  
Guilong Zhang ◽  
Ziqiang Ma ◽  
Heng Li ◽  
Jinshi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
Single Droplet ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Thermal Infrared Images

Marangoni condensation is formed due to the surface tension gradient caused by the local temperature or concentration gradient on the condensate surface; thus, the investigation of the surface temperature distribution characteristics is crucial to reveal the condensation mechanism and heat transfer characteristics. Few studies have been conducted on the temperature distribution of the condensate surface. In this study, thermal infrared images were used to measure the temperature distributions of the condensate surface during Marangoni condensation for ethanol–water mixture vapor. The results showed that the surface temperature distribution of the single droplet was uneven, and a large temperature gradient, approximately 15.6 °C/mm, existed at the edge of the condensate droplets. The maximum temperature difference on the droplet surface reached up to 8 °C. During the condensation process, the average surface temperature of a single droplet firstly increased rapidly and then slowly until it approached a certain temperature, whereas that of the condensate surface increased rapidly at the beginning and then changed periodically in a cosine-like curve. The present results will be used to obtain local heat flux and heat transfer coefficients on the condensing surface, and to further establish the relationship between heat transfer and temperature distribution characteristics.

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