Limited distortion in LSB steganography

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younhee Kim ◽  
Zoran Duric ◽  
Dana Richards
Keyword(s):  
Limited Distortion

Isomers of 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-6,13-dicarboxylate Characterized as Cobalt(III) Complexes

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul V. Bernhardt ◽  
Trevor W. Hambley ◽  
Geoffrey A. Lawrance ◽  
Marcel Maeder ◽  
Eric N. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Octahedral Geometry ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Limited Distortion ◽  
Chelate Rings

The major trans (1) and minor cis (2) isomers of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-6,13-dicarboxylate have been characterized as the complexes [Co(1)](ClO4) and [Co(H2)(OH2)]Cl(ClO4)·H2O. The former crystallized in the C2/c space group and the latter in the P21/c space group, with cell parameters a 16.258(7), b 9.050(3), c 15.413(6) Å, β133.29(3)°, and a 9.694(4), b 16.135(1), c 12.973(5) Å, β 93.00(2)°, respectively. Their characterization completes identification of the respective trans and cis isomers for the series of c-pendant macrocycles also including 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-6-amine-13-carboxylate ((3), (4)) and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-6,13-diamine ((5), (6)). The complexes show limited distortion from octahedral geometry with the strain in the presence of the coordinated c-pendant carboxylate significantly reduced compared with that for the c-pendant amine in analogues, a consequence mainly of six-membered as opposed to five-membered chelate rings involving the pendant donor. A comparison of the physical properties for the trans isomers of the octahedral complexes of (1), (3), and (5), which reflect progressively increasing strain, is presented.

scholarly journals Strain driven phase transition and mechanism for Fe/Ir(111) films

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yuan Hsieh ◽  
Pei-Cheng Jiang ◽  
Wei-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Jyh-Shen Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Strained Layers ◽  
Heterogeneous Interfaces ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Pseudomorphic Growth ◽  
Limited Distortion

AbstractBy way of introducing heterogeneous interfaces, the stabilization of crystallographic phases is critical to a viable strategy for developing materials with novel characteristics, such as occurrence of new structure phase, anomalous enhancement in magnetic moment, enhancement of efficiency as nanoportals. Because of the different lattice structures at the interface, heterogeneous interfaces serve as a platform for controlling pseudomorphic growth, nanostructure evolution and formation of strained clusters. However, our knowledge related to the strain accumulation phenomenon in ultrathin Fe layers on face-centered cubic (fcc) substrates remains limited. For Fe deposited on Ir(111), here we found the existence of strain accumulation at the interface and demonstrate a strain driven phase transition in which fcc-Fe is transformed to a bcc phase. By substituting the bulk modulus and the shear modulus and the experimental results of lattice parameters in cubic geometry, we obtain the strain energy density for different Fe thicknesses. A limited distortion mechanism is proposed for correlating the increasing interfacial strain energy, the surface energy, and a critical thickness. The calculation shows that the strained layers undergo a phase transition to the bulk structure above the critical thickness. The results are well consistent with experimental measurements. The strain driven phase transition and mechanism presented herein provide a fundamental understanding of strain accumulation at the bcc/fcc interface.

Lossless Steganography on Orthogonal Vector for 3D H.264 with Limited Distortion Diffusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhao ◽  
Zhitang Li
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Cosine Transform ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Cosine Transform ◽  
Orthogonal Vector ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Transform Coefficients ◽  
Distortion Drift ◽  
Limited Distortion

In order to improve the undetectability, a lossless algorithm based on orthogonal vectors with limited distortion diffusion for 3D H.264 video is proposed in this paper. Inter-view distortion drift is avoided by embedding data into frames, which do not predict other views. Three conditions and pairs of coefficients are proposed to prevent intra-frame distortion diffusion. Several quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients are chosen from an embeddable luminance 4×4 block to construct a carrier vector, which is modified by an offset vector. When the carrier vector and the offset vector are orthogonal or near to be orthogonal, a data bit can be hidden. Experimental results indicate that the method is effective by enhancing peak signal-to-noise ratio with 7.5dB and reducing the Kullback-Leibler divergence with 0.07 at least. More than 1.7×1015 ways could be utilized for constructing the vectors, so it is more difficult for others to steal data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document