Mapping polymer birefringence in 3D using a polarizing microscope with oblique illumination

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Shribak ◽  
Rudolf Oldenbourg
Keyword(s):  
Polarizing Microscope ◽  
Oblique Illumination

The spindle stage: A powerful optical tool

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Mickey E. Gunter ◽  
F. Donald Bloss
Keyword(s):  
Significant Error ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Polarizing Microscope ◽  
Microscope Stage

A single, reasonably homogeneous, nonopaque 30-to-300 μm crystal, mounted on a spindle stage and studied by immersion methods under a polarizing microscope, yields optical data frequently sufficient to identify and characterize a substance unequivocally. The data obtainable include (1) the orientation of the crystal's principal vibration axes and (2) its principal refractive indices, to within 0.0002 if desired, for light vibrating along these principal vibration axes. Spindle stages tend to be simple and relatively inexpensive, some costing less than $50. They permit rotation of the crystal about a single axis which is parallel to the microscope stage. This spindle or S-axis is thus perpendicular to the M-axis, namely the microscope stage's axis of rotation.A spindle stage excels when studying anisotropic crystals. It orients uniaxial crystals within minutes and biaxial crystals almost as quickly so that their principal refractive indices - ɛ and ω (uniaxial); α, β and γ (biaxial) - can be determined without significant error from crystal misorientation.

Oocyte Maturation in Chaetopterus pergamentaceous Observed With Centrifuge Polarizing Microscope

1998 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goda ◽  
S. Inoué ◽  
R. A. Knudson
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Polarizing Microscope

Effect on Polymer Chain Structure Caused by the Molar Fraction of 4-Hydroxybutyrate in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -4-hydroxybutyrate)

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 776-780
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Li ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Wei Jia Fan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Polarizing Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)copolymer [P(3HB-co-4HB)] is a kind of biodegradable high molecular polymer produced by bioaccumulation. Because of the good biodegradability and biocompatibility, P(3HB-co-4HB)s have attracted wide attention . At first, the intrinsic viscosity[η] in good solvent of P(3HB-co-4HB) s with varying contents of 4HB was investigated in different temperature. Second, observed the changes of crystallization gathered state caused by the varying contents of 4HB by polarizing microscope. The results show that to the P(3HB-co-4HB)s in same molecular weight, the intrinsic viscosity[η] in good solvent barely changes when the mole fractions of 4HB increase. On the other hand, the mean square end to end distances[0] of macromolecular flexible chains increase with the mole fractions of 4HB. At the same time, the states of aggregation change from spherulites to dendrites. In this investigation, we discuss the reasons of the differences in depth.

An application of the polarizing microscope to reaction study

1942 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett W. Thiessen ◽  
Lawrence F. Beste
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Study ◽  
Polarizing Microscope

Solubility in the potassium stannate – potassium hydroxide – water system at 0 to 95.0 °C

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 2715-2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Invariant Point ◽  
Water System ◽  
Phase Relations ◽  
Polarizing Microscope ◽  
Solid Phases ◽  
Hydroxide Water

Solubilities and phase relations have been determined in the K2Sn(OH)6–KOH–H2O system between 0 and 95.0 °C. The isotherms consist of only one major solubility branch, that of K2Sn(OH)6, while the solubility branch of KOH is indistinguishable, since the isothermal invariant point is extremely close to the solubility of potassium hydroxide. Solid phases have been determined by Schreinemakers' method and checked with the polarizing microscope.

scholarly journals Спектроскопия слоев на плоскопараллельных подложках

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
А.Б. Сотский ◽  
С.С. Михеев ◽  
Н.И. Стаськов ◽  
Л.И. Сотская
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
Polarized Waves ◽  
Partially Coherent Light ◽  
Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide ◽  
Analytical Formulae ◽  
Oblique Illumination

Integral expressions for the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the structure consisted of two thin layers deposited on opposite faces of a plane-parallel substrate at oblique illumination of the structure with partially coherent light are obtained. As a result of the asymptotic analysis of the integrals, approximate analytical formulae are established for calculating the indicated spectra, convenient for use in solving inverse spectrophotometry problems. An aluminum doped zinc oxide layer deposited on a glass substrate is studied. The spectra of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the layer and the substrate, as well as the thickness of the layer, are determined by processing the reflectance and transmission spectra of the structure, measured for s- and p- polarized waves at two angles of light incidence. The found parameters are used in computational experiments to estimate the applicability limits of the formulated approximations.

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