Land cover dynamic analysis over the Mediterranean Basin by means of remotely sensed and climate data

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jauad El Kharraz ◽  
Jose A. Sobrino ◽  
L. Morales ◽  
Juan Carlos Jimenez-Munoz ◽  
Guillem P. Soria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

PBL climatology using IGRA radiosounding data in Mediterranean Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Summa ◽  
Fabio Madonna ◽  
Emanuele Tramutola ◽  
Fabrizio Marra ◽  
Benedetto De Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

<p>The planetary boundary layer height (PBL) is a critical variable in many applications such as NWP, air quality and climate models. The study of the PBL involves several process and parameters: exchange of momentum, heat, water vapour and tracers from the surface to the free atmosphere therefore,  PBL representation in numerical  models is difficult to achieve and observation are used to improve the quality of the implemented parameterizations.</p><p>This presentation will illustrate a climatology of the height of the PBL and its trend since 1978 to present at different in the Mediterranean Basin.</p><p>The height of the PBL is calculated using the maximum vertical gradient of potential temperature  (θ) obtained from radio Station belonging to the IGRA (Integrated Global Radiosonde) archive related in the Europe Region) and to GRUAN network (GCOS Reference Upper Air Network).  </p><p>The IGRA consists of quality-controlled radiosonde observations of temperature, humidity, and wind at stations across all continents. The earliest year of data is 1905, and the data are updated on a daily basis. Record length, vertical extent and resolution, and availability of variables varies among stations and over time. The GRUAN is an international reference observing network of sites measuring essential climate variables above Earth's surface, designed to fill an important gap in the current global observing system. GRUAN measurements are providing long-term, high-quality climate data records from the surface, through the troposphere, and into the stratosphere. </p><p>An estimate of uncertainty will be also discussed and correlated with the recent climate changes at the global scale and in the Mediterranean Basin.</p>

Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. White
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Legal Space ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the shape and impact of piracy in the eastern half of the Mediterranean and the Ottoman Empire’s administrative, legal, and diplomatic response. In the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, piracy had a tremendous effect on the formation of international law, the conduct of diplomacy, the articulation of Ottoman imperial and Islamic law, and their application in Ottoman courts. Piracy and Law draws on research in archives and libraries in Istanbul, Venice, Crete, London, and Paris to bring the Ottoman state and Ottoman victims into the story for the first time. It explains why piracy exploded after the 1570s and why the Ottoman state was largely unable to marshal an effective military solution even as it responded dynamically in the spheres of law and diplomacy. By focusing on the Ottoman victims, jurists, and officials who had to contend most with the consequences of piracy, Piracy and Law reveals a broader range of piratical practitioners than the Muslim and Catholic corsairs who have typically been the focus of study and considers their consequences for the Ottoman state and those who traveled through Ottoman waters. This book argues that what made the eastern half of the Mediterranean basin the Ottoman Mediterranean, more than sovereignty or naval supremacy—which was ephemeral—was that it was a legal space. The challenge of piracy helped to define its contours.

Unfinished and Less Authored Texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. C. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Jewish Writers

The concept of textual unfinishedness played a role in a wide variety of cultures and contexts across the Mediterranean basin in antiquity and late antiquity. Chapter 2 documents examples of Greek, Roman, and Jewish writers reflecting explicitly in their own words about unfinished texts. Many writers claimed to have written unfinished texts on purpose for specific cultural reasons, while others claimed to have written texts that slipped out of their hands somehow with their permission.

The Alphabet and its Legacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Madadh Richey
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Generative Power ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Alphabetic Writing ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The alphabet employed by the Phoenicians was the inheritor of a long tradition of alphabetic writing and was itself adapted for use throughout the Mediterranean basin by numerous populations speaking many languages. The present contribution traces the origins of the alphabet in Sinai and the Levant before discussing different alphabetic standardizations in Ugarit and Phoenician Tyre. The complex adaptation of the latter for representation of the Greek language is described in detail, then some brief attention is given to likely—Etruscan and other Italic alphabets—and possible (Iberian and Berber) descendants of the Phoenician alphabet. Finally, it is stressed that current research does not view the Phoenician and other alphabets as inherently simpler, more easily learned, or more democratic than other writing systems. The Phoenician alphabet remains, nevertheless, an impressive technological development worthy, especially by virtue of its generative power, of detailed study ranging from paleographic and orthographic specifications to social and political contextualization.

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