Predicting the Earth atmosphere's ozone layer conditions using neuronic networks for various time lags

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin B. Kashkin ◽  
Juliy P. Lankin ◽  
Irina Y. Sakash ◽  
Sergei V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals Material Ramah Lingkungan untuk Interior Rumah Tinggal

Humaniora ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dila Hendrassukma
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Right

Housing is one of the biggest contributors in polluting the ozone layer and consuming the natural resources in making one. Home interior takes part in the over-produced material used for covering the interior elements, such as floor, wall, ceiling, and furniture. The article conducting is to study the green aspect of building materials to find alternative material to beautify the house that is not harming the earth. The result is options of eco material to be used in the making of greener home interior. It is materials that can be renewed, recycled, and low in embodied energy. Materials used in home interior have impact to the natures. Thus, awareness in choosing the right material to decorate the house is very important. 

scholarly journals The Effect of Increased UV-B Radiation on the Terrestrial Ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1173
Author(s):  
Mehtap Gürsoy
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Physiological Structure ◽  
Harmful Effects

Against rapidly developing industry and increasing population, natural resources on earth are getting destroyed. One of the most important adverse effects on the environment is perhaps the depletion of ozone layer which protects the earth from harmful effects of UV radiation, especially UV-B. The effect of UV-B radiation can vary according to species. At high rates of UV-B radiation, many disorders in DNA, photosynthesis, morphological and physiological structure, and biomass accumulation in plants are observed. In this review, the effects of high UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystem are discussed.

Topical sunscreens

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (16) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
The Earth

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching the earth consists of UVB (wavelengths 290–320 nanometres) and UVA (320–400nm). UVC (100–290nm) is still stopped by the ozone layer. UVB causes sunburn, but both UVB and UVA cause skin cancer and skin ageing. Severe sunburn may be a risk factor for melanoma.1 Numerous sunscreens are used to prevent sunburn or to protect patients with photodermatoses; which ones should be recommended?

A CHRONIC AND IRREVERSIBLE DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 866-866
Author(s):  
Paul Brodeur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Valuable Lesson ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Harmful Substances

For by demonstrating that inert chlorofluorocarbons, instead of vanishing harmlessly into thin air, can scar the ozone layer Rowland and Molina have shown us that we may well have succeeded in inflicting a chronic and irreversible disease upon the atmosphere, which is the very lung of the earth. For better or for worse, however, they have also provided us with a valuable lesson in the crucial necessity of testing potentially harmful substances-before putting them on the market-for their consequences both in the environment and upon human beings who will come in contact with them.

Magnetospheric response to solar wind driving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Výbošťoková ◽  
Zdeněk Němeček ◽  
Jana Šafránková
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Interplanetary Shocks ◽  
Geomagnetic Indices ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p>Interaction of solar events propagating throughout the interplanetary space with the magnetic field of the Earth may result in disruption of the magnetosphere. Disruption of the magnetic field is followed by the formation of the time-varying electric field and thus electric current is induced in Earth-bound structures such as transmission networks, pipelines or railways. In that case, it is necessary to be able to predict a future state of the magnetosphere and magnetic field of the Earth. The most straightforward way would use geomagnetic indices. Several studies are investigating the relationship of the response of the magnetosphere to changes in the solar wind with motivation to give a more accurate prediction of geomagnetic indices during geomagnetic storms. To forecast these indices, different approaches have been attempted--from simple correlation studies to neural networks.</p><p>We study the effects of interplanetary shocks observed at L1 on the Earth's magnetosphere with a database of tens of shocks between 2009 and 2019. Driving the magnetosphere is described as integral of reconnection electric field for each shock. The response of the geomagnetic field is described with the SYM-H index. We created an algorithm in Python for prediction of the magnetosphere state based on the correlation of solar wind driving and magnetospheric response and found that typical time-lags range between tens of minutes to maximum 2 hours. The results are documented by a large statistical study.</p>

Tectonic forcing of global chemical weathering since the mid-Paleozoic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gernon ◽  
Thea Hincks ◽  
Andrew Merdith ◽  
Eelco Rohling ◽  
Martin Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Continental Arc ◽  
Geologic Processes ◽  
Tectonic Forcing

<p>Weathering of the Earth’s surface has commonly been invoked as a driver of global cooling through geologic time. During the Phanerozoic Eon (541–0 million years ago, Ma), for example, the periodic onset of icehouse conditions has variously been attributed to enhanced weathering fluxes associated with mountain building (e.g. the Himalayas) (<em><strong>1</strong></em>), reductions in the global extent of continental arc volcanoes (e.g. the present-day Andes) (<em><strong>2</strong></em>), and uplift of oceanic crust during arc-continent collisions (e.g. present-day Indonesia and New Guinea) (<em><strong>3</strong></em>). These processes, tied to the global plate tectonic cycle, are inextricably linked.  The resulting collinearity (i.e. independent variables are highly correlated) makes it difficult — using conventional statistical techniques — to isolate the contributions of individual geologic processes to global chemical weathering.   An example of this is the Late Cenozoic Ice Age (34–0 Ma) that corresponds both to uplift of <span>the Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya,</span> and a gradual reduction in the extent of the global continental arc system. </p><p>We developed a machine learning framework to analyse the interdependencies between multiple global tectonic and volcanic processes (e.g., continental distribution, extent of volcanic arcs, mid-ocean ridges etc.) and seawater Sr composition (a proxy for weathering flux) over the past 400 million years. We developed a Bayesian network incorporating a novel algorithm that accounts for time lags for each of the predictor variables, and joint conditional dependence (i.e. how variables combine to influence the environmental outcome). Our approach overcomes problems traditionally encountered in geologic time series, such as collinearity and autocorrelation. Our results strongly indicate a first-order role for volcanism in driving chemical weathering fluxes since the mid-Palaeozoic. This is consistent with the strong empirical correlation previously observed between the strontium isotope composition of seawater and continental igneous rocks over the past billion years (<em><strong>4</strong></em>). Our study highlights how geologic processes operate together — not in isolation — to perturb the Earth system over ten to hundred million-year timescales.</p><p>References</p><p>(1). M. E. Raymo, W. F. Ruddiman, Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate, Nature 359, 117 (1992).</p><p>(2). N. R. McKenzie, et al., Continental arc volcanism as the principal driver of icehouse greenhouse variability, Science 352, 444 (2016).</p><p>(3). F. A. Macdonald, N. L. Swanson-Hysell, Y. Park, L. Lisiecki, O. Jagoutz, Arc-continent collisions in the tropics set Earth’s climate state, Science 364, 181 (2019).</p><p>(4). C. P. Bataille et al., Continental igneous rock composition: A major control of past global chemical weathering, Science Advances 3, e1602183 (2017).  </p>

Atmospheric Ozone in Helsinki and Its Effects on Rubber

1963 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-526
Author(s):  
Antti Soininen ◽  
Anna-liisa Pehu-Lehtonon ◽  
Elli Auterinen
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Ozone Concentration ◽  
High Absorption

Abstract Although the amount of ozone in the atmosphere is rather small compared with other gases its importance in several respects is rather great. This is mainly due to the high absorption and reacting capacities of ozone. The absorption capacity becomes apparent among other ways in the fact that the ozone layer of the atmosphere absorbs the excessive ultraviolet radiation coming from space as well as heat radiation from the earth. On the other hand, the reacting capacity can best be observed in numerous harmful oxidation phenomena, among which a typical example is the cracking of the surface of rubber products, caused by ozone. Generation and distribution of ozone in the atmosphere.—It is assumed that ozone is generated in the upper atmosphere photochemically under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. The shortwave ultraviolet radiation of a wavelength of about 2000 A breaks the oxygen molecules into atoms that combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone. The ozone in turn absorbs ultraviolet radiation of a longer wavelength, which again breaks up the ozone thus maintaining an equilibrium in the concentration. This equilibrium is largely dependent upon temperature, the lower temperatures giving rise to a considerably higher concentration of ozone than the higher temperatures. The maximum concentration of ozone in the atmosphere is at an altitude of about 20 kilometers from the earth. The distance of this maximum from the surface of the earth, however, varies over different parts of the globe and according to the season. There is a constant movement of ozone from the actual ozone layer to the lower air regions near the surface of the earth. The major part of the ozone is destroyed near the earth's surface, as it comes into contact with oxidizable matter. Generally speaking, this movement of the ozone into the lower parts of the atmosphere is caused by turbulence, that is, by mixing of the air masses. In the atmosphere there is a regular circulation between the different regions. Near the equator the direction of the movement is upwards, from the troposphere to the stratosphere, while around the latitude 60 it is the other way around. This phenomenon explains, for example, the relatively large increase in radioactivity in polar districts and, in addition, it offers a partial explanation of the high ozone concentration near the surface of the earth in these parts compared with that in warmer regions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Java Island’s ozone layer and ultra violet index variability based on satellite data

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Ninong Komala
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Variation Pattern ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ozone Monitoring ◽  
Using Data

The ozone layer has a very important role in our atmosphere because it can protect every living on the surface of the earth against harmful Ultra Violet-B radiation. This study aims to discuss and analyze the linkages of ozone layer and Ultra Violet index (UVI) in Java Island and using of FFT to find the period that dominates the ozone layer and UVI variation. The results obtained are characteristic of ozone layer and UVI as well as linkage of UVI to ozone layer in Java Island. Using data of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) sensor on AURA satellites from 2005—2016 has been obtained monthly, seasonal and annual characteristics for ozone and UVI and the period dominating the variation of the ozone layer and UVI. The ozone layer varied between 238 DU to 277 DU, the annual variation pattern peaked in October and the minimum in January. The UVI varies between 7.8 and 13.6. The annual variation of UVI peaked in October and the minimum in June. Linear regression of the UVI with ozone in December, January and February (DJF) showed a negative correlation coefficient of 0.77 which means there is a strong correlation between decreasing of ozone concentration with increasing of UVI. Variability of Java Island’s ozone layer is dominated by six month, 12-months and 28-months cycles. While UVI most dominated by the cycle of 6 months and 12 months.

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