First passively-quenched single photon counting avalanche photodiode element integrated in a conventional CMOS process with 32ns dead time

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Rochas ◽  
Gregoire Ribordy ◽  
B. Furrer ◽  
P. A. Besse ◽  
R. S. Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Dead Time ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Single Photon Counting

Demonstration of 4H-SiC UV single photon counting avalanche photodiode

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xin ◽  
F. Yan ◽  
P. Alexandrove ◽  
X. Sun ◽  
C.M. Stahle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Single Photon Counting

scholarly journals Free-running InGaAs∕InP avalanche photodiode with active quenching for single photon counting at telecom wavelengths

2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (20) ◽  
pp. 201114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Thew ◽  
D. Stucki ◽  
J.-D. Gautier ◽  
H. Zbinden ◽  
A. Rochas
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Free Running

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Compact Single-Photon Counting Module

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Chenghao Li ◽  
Alan P. Morrison ◽  
Shijie Deng ◽  
Chuanxin Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Reverse Bias Voltage ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Avalanche Diode ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Off Time

A compact single-photon counting module that can accurately control the bias voltage and hold-off time is developed in this work. The module is a microcontroller-based system which mainly consists of a microcontroller, a programmable negative voltage generator, a silicon-based single-photon avalanche diode, and an integrated active quench and reset circuit. The module is 3.8 cm × 3.6 cm × 2 cm in size and can communicate with the end user and be powered through a USB cable (5 V). In this module, the bias voltage of the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is precisely controllable from −14 V ~ −38 V and the hold-off time (consequently the dead time) of the SPAD can be adjusted from a few nanoseconds to around 1.6 μs with a setting resolution of ∼6.5 ns. Experimental results show that the module achieves a minimum dead time of around 28.5 ns, giving a saturation counting rate of around 35 Mcounts/s. Results also show that at a controlled reverse bias voltage of 26.8 V, the dark count rate measured is about 300 counts/s and the timing jitter measured is about 158 ps. Photodetection probability measurements show that the module is suited for detection of visible light from 450 nm to 800 nm with a 40% peak photon detection efficiency achieved at around 600 nm.

scholarly journals EIGER detector: application in macromolecular crystallography

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1036-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnau Casanas ◽  
Rangana Warshamanage ◽  
Aaron D. Finke ◽  
Ezequiel Panepucci ◽  
Vincent Olieric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Optimal Rotation

The development of single-photon-counting detectors, such as the PILATUS, has been a major recent breakthrough in macromolecular crystallography, enabling noise-free detection and novel data-acquisition modes. The new EIGER detector features a pixel size of 75 × 75 µm, frame rates of up to 3000 Hz and a dead time as low as 3.8 µs. An EIGER 1M and EIGER 16M were tested on Swiss Light Source beamlines X10SA and X06SA for their application in macromolecular crystallography. The combination of fast frame rates and a very short dead time allows high-quality data acquisition in a shorter time. The ultrafine φ-slicing data-collection method is introduced and validated and its application in finding the optimal rotation angle, a suitable rotation speed and a sufficient X-ray dose are presented. An improvement of the data quality up to slicing at one tenth of the mosaicity has been observed, which is much finer than expected based on previous findings. The influence of key data-collection parameters on data quality is discussed.

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