Stress measurement with two-dimensional X-ray diffraction

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob B. He
Keyword(s):  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Two-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction for Structure and Stress Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob B. He ◽  
Ke Wei Xu ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Ping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Unit Vector ◽  
Sample Space ◽  
Matrix Transformation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Texture Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix

This paper introduces the recent progress in two-dimensional X-ray diffraction as well as its applications in microstructure and residual stress analysis. Based on the matrix transformation between diffraction space, detector space and sample space, the unit vector of the diffraction vector can be expressed in the sample space corresponding to all the geometric parameters and Bragg conditions. The same transformation matrix can be used for texture and stress analysis. The fundamental equations for both stress measurement and texture measurement are developed with the matrix transformation defined for the two-dimensional diffraction. Stress measurement using twodimensional detector is based on a direct relationship between the stress tensor and the diffraction cone distortion. The two-dimensional detector collects texture data and background values simultaneously for multiple poles and multiple directions.

Measurement of Residual Stresses in Thin Films by Two-Dimensional XRD

2006 ◽  
Vol 524-525 ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob B. He
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Residual Stress Analysis

This paper introduces the recent progress in two-dimensional X-ray diffraction as well as its applications in residual stress analysis in thin films. The stress measurement with twodimensional x-ray diffraction can be done with low incident angle and is not limited to the peaks with high two-theta angles like the conventional method. When residual stresses of thin films are measured, a low incident angle is preferred to maximize the diffraction signals from the thin films surfaces instead of from the substrates and matrix materials. Since one stress measurement at one fixed incident angle is possible, stress gradients in depth can be measured by series of incident angles. Some experimental examples are given to show the stress measurement at low and fixed incident angle.

Tubulin structure at intermediate resolution

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 852-853
Author(s):  
K. H. Downing ◽  
S. G. Wolf ◽  
E. Nogales
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Tubulin Structure

Microtubules are involved in a host of critical cell activities, many of which involve transport of organelles through the cell. Different sets of microtubules appear to form during the cell cycle for different functions. Knowledge of the structure of tubulin will be necessary in order to understand the various functional mechanisms of microtubule assemble, disassembly, and interaction with other molecules, but tubulin has so far resisted crystallization for x-ray diffraction studies. Fortuitously, in the presence of zinc ions, tubulin also forms two-dimensional, crystalline sheets that are ideally suited for study by electron microscopy. We have refined procedures for forming the sheets and preparing them for EM, and have been able to obtain high-resolution structural data that sheds light on the formation and stabilization of microtubules, and even the interaction with a therapeutic drug.Tubulin sheets had been extensively studied in negative stain, demonstrating that the same protofilament structure was formed in the sheets and microtubules. For high resolution studies, we have found that the sheets embedded in either glucose or tannin diffract to around 3 Å.

Synthesis and Structure of a Clathrated Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework: [Cd(4,4'-bpy)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2·(L)2·H2O (L = Bis(1-pyrazinylethylidene)hydrazine)

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Dayu Wu ◽  
Genhua Wu ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Zhuqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Aqueous Meoh ◽  
Organic Framework

The compound [Cd(4,4'-bpy)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2·(L)2 was obtained by the reaction of Cd(ClO4)2, bis(1-pyrazinylethylidene)hydrazine (L) and 4,4'-bipyridine in aqueous MeOH. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has revealed its two-dimensional metal-organic framework. The 2-D layers superpose on each other, giving a channel structure. The square planar grids consist of two pairs of shared edges with Cd(II) ion and a 4,4'-bipyridine molecule each vertex and side, respectively. The square cavity has a dimension of 11.817 × 11.781 Å. Two guest molecules of bis(1-pyrazinylethylidene)hydrazine are clathrated in every hydrophobic host cavity, being further stabilized by π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. The results suggest that the hydrazine molecules present in the network serve as structure-directing templates in the formation of crystal structures.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jaeger ◽  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Holger Hoche ◽  
Peter Groche ◽  
Matthias Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

One Step Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Graphene Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Fei Xia ◽  
Zong Hua Wang ◽  
Yan Zhi Xia ◽  
Fei Fei Zhang ◽  
Fu Qiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Techniques

Zirconia-graphene composite (ZrO2-G) has been successfully synthesized via decomposition of ZrOCl2•6H2O in a water-isopropanol system with dispersed graphene oxide (GO) utilizing Na2S as a precursor could enable the occurrence of the deposition of Zr4+ and the deoxygenation of GO at the same time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was found that graphene were fully coated with ZrO2, and the ZrO2 existing in tetragonal phase, which resulted in the formation of two-dimensional composite.

Two-dimensional lanthanide(III) coordination polymers: solvothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Runmei Ding ◽  
Zixin He ◽  
Meilin Wang ◽  
Danian Tian ◽  
Peipei Cen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Solvothermal Synthesis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solvothermal Conditions

AbstractBased on 2-(4-pyridyl)-terephthalate (H2pta) and oxalate ligands, two new lanthanide-containing coordination polymers (CPs), [Tb(pta)(C2O4)0.5(H2O)2)]·2H2O (1) and [Sm(pta)(C2O4)0.5(H2O)2)]·2H2O (2), have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. The structures of both 1 and 2 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Infrared, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis data are also presented. The crystals of 1 and 2 exhibit isostructural layer-like networks, crystallizing in the triclinic space group P$‾{1}$. The layers are further stabilized and associated into 3D architectures through hydrogen bonding. Remarkably, the CPs 1 and 2 exhibit excellent water stability and remarkable thermostability with thermal decomposition temperatures of more than 420 °C.

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