Ground-based monitoring of water vapor in the middle atmosphere: the NRL water-vapor millimeter-wave spectrometer

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Bevilacqua ◽  
Philip R. Schwartz ◽  
Thomas A. Pauls ◽  
William B. Waltman ◽  
Dorsey L. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Wave Spectrometer

scholarly journals The fourth-generation Water Vapor Millimeter-Wave Spectrometer

Radio Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Gomez ◽  
Gerald E. Nedoluha ◽  
Helen L. Neal ◽  
I. Stuart McDermid
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Wave Spectrometer

scholarly journals A comparative study of mesospheric water vapor measurements from the ground-based water vapor millimeter-wave spectrometer and space-based instruments

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (D14) ◽  
pp. 16647-16661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald E. Nedoluha ◽  
Richard M. Bevilacqua ◽  
R. Michael Gomez ◽  
William B. Waltman ◽  
Brian C. Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Wave Spectrometer

Proposed reference model for middle atmosphere water vapor

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 59-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.W. Chiou ◽  
E.E. Remsberg ◽  
C.D. Rodgers ◽  
R. Munro ◽  
R.M. Bevilacqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Reference Model

The Seoul Water Vapor Radiometer for the Middle Atmosphere: Calibration, Retrieval, and Validation

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1052-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn De Wachter ◽  
Alexander Haefele ◽  
Niklaus Kampfer ◽  
Soohyun Ka ◽  
Jung Eun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Water Vapor Radiometer

Trends in noctilucent clouds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Josef Lübken ◽  
Gerd Baumgarten
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Noctilucent Clouds ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Ice Water

<p>Noctilucent clouds are often cited as potential indicators of climate change in the middle<br>atmosphere. They owe their existence to the very cold summer mesopause region (~130K) at mid<br>and high latitudes. We analyze trends derived from the Leibniz-Institute Middle Atmosphere<br>Model (LIMA) and the MIMAS ice particle model (Mesospheric Ice Microphysics And tranSport model)<br>for the years 1871-2008 and for middle, high and arctic latitudes, respectively.<br>Model runs with and without an increase of carbon dioxide and water vapor (from methane oxidation)<br>concentration are performed. Trends are most prominent after ~1960 when the increase of both<br>carbon dioxide and water vapor accelerates. Negative trends of (geometric) NLC altitudes are primarily<br>due to cooling below NLC altitudes caused by carbon dioxide increase. Increases of ice particle<br>radii and NLC brightness with time are mainly caused by an enhancement of water vapor.<br>Several ice layer and background parameter trends are similar at high and arctic latitudes but are<br>substantially different at middle latitudes. This concerns, for example, occurrence rates, ice water<br>content (IWC), and number of ice particles in a column. Considering the time period after 1960,<br>geometric altitudes of NLC decrease by approximately 260m per decade, and brightness increases by<br>roughly 50% (1960-2008), independent of latitude. NLC altitudes decrease by approximately 15-20m<br>per increase of carbon dioxide by 1ppmv. The number of ice particles in a column and also at the<br>altitude of maximum backscatter is nearly constant with time. At all latitudes, yearly mean NLC<br>appear at altitudes where temperatures are close to 145+/-1K. Ice particles are present nearly<br>all the time at high and arctic latitudes, but are much less common at middle latitudes. Ice water<br>content and maximum backscatter are highly correlated, where the slope depends on latitude. This<br>allows to combine data sets from satellites and lidars. Furthermore, IWC and the concentration of<br>water vapor at the altitude of maximum backscatter are also strongly correlated. Results from<br>LIMA/MIMAS agree nicely with observations.</p>

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