Improvements to a layered analytical irradiance model for application to coastal waters with depth-dependent water constituents, various bottom types, and variable water depths

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Bostater, Jr. ◽  
Lisa H. Huddleston ◽  
Mackenzie Tepel
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Constituents ◽  
Variable Water ◽  
Water Depths

scholarly journals Spectral and Radiometric Measurement Requirements for Inland, Coastal and Reef Waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gege ◽  
Arnold G. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Radiometric Measurement ◽  
Colored Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Water Constituents ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Variable Water

This paper studies the measurement requirements of spectral resolution and radiometric sensitivity to enable the quantitative determination of water constituents and benthic parameters for the majority of optically deep and optically shallow waters on Earth. The spectral and radiometric variability is investigated by simulating remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) spectra of optically deep water for twelve inland water scenarios representing typical and extreme concentration ranges of phytoplankton, colored dissolved organic matter and non-algal particles. For optically shallow waters, Rrs changes induced by variable water depth are simulated for fourteen bottom substrate types, from lakes to coastal waters and coral reefs. The required radiometric sensitivity is derived for the conditions that the spectral shape of Rrs should be resolvable with a quantization of 100 levels and that measurable reflection differences at at least one wavelength must occur at concentration changes in water constituents of 10% and depth differences of 20 cm. These simulations are also used to derive the optimal spectral resolution and the most sensitive wavelengths. Finally, the Rrs spectra and their changes are converted to radiances and radiance differences in order to derive sensor (noise-equivalent radiance) and measurement requirements (signal-to-noise ratio) at the water surface and at the top of the atmosphere for a range of solar zenith angles.

scholarly journals A Water Temperature Simulation Model for Rice Paddies With Variable Water Depths

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 10065-10084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Maruyama ◽  
Manabu Nemoto ◽  
Takahiro Hamasaki ◽  
Sachinobu Ishida ◽  
Tsuneo Kuwagata
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Variable Water ◽  
Water Depths

scholarly journals WAVES IN WETLANDS: HURRICANE GUSTAV

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane McKee Smith ◽  
Robert E. Jensen ◽  
Andrew B. Kennedy ◽  
J. Casey Dietrich ◽  
Joannes J. Westerink
Keyword(s):  
Circulation Model ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Wave Modeling ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Variable Water ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Made In

Few wave measurements have been made in wetlands during high-energy, surge events, such as hurricanes. During Hurricane Gustav in 2008, many nearshore wave measurements were made in Southeastern Louisiana. These data are used to verify a nearshore wave modeling system and to explore the characteristics of hurricane waves in wetlands. The modeling system consists of the wave generation model WAM, the nearhsore wave model STWAVE, and the circulation model ADCIRC. The measurements confirm reasonable success in modeling the waves. The measurements and modeling also expose some of the problems of measuring waves in highly-variable water depths under hurricane forcing and modeling waves in rapidly degrading wetlands.

scholarly journals Can Water Constituents Be Used as Proxy to Map Microplastic Dispersal Within Transitional and Coastal Waters?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Piehl ◽  
Elizabeth C. Atwood ◽  
Mathias Bochow ◽  
Hannes K. Imhof ◽  
Jonas Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Constituents

A Multi-Domain Approach in 3-D Diffraction Calculations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Pinkster
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Numerical Implementation ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Reflecting Boundaries ◽  
Wave Induced ◽  
Variable Water ◽  
Water Depths

Prediction of the wave-induced motions of vessels moored in locations with complex bathymetry involving variable water depth represent a challenge for standard 3-dimensional diffraction methods. In this paper a modified diffraction method is introduced based on a multi-domain approach capable of handling different water depths in each domain. The theoretical background is briefly discussed along with some aspects of the numerical implementation. The method is applied to three examples which are known to present difficulties for the standard diffraction codes based on a single water depth and one involving infinitely long reflecting boundaries.

Trophic-functional patterns of biofilm-dwelling ciliates at different water depths in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamun Abdullah Al ◽  
Yangyang Gao ◽  
Guangjian Xu ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Water Depths

Remote estimation of in water constituents in coastal waters using neural networks

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Ioannou ◽  
Alexander Gilerson ◽  
Michael Ondrusek ◽  
Soe Hlaing ◽  
Robert Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Constituents ◽  
Remote Estimation

scholarly journals Evaluation of Unoccupied Aircraft System (UAS) Remote Sensing Reflectance Retrievals for Water Quality Monitoring in Coastal Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Windle ◽  
Greg M. Silsbe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Water Constituents

Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS, or drones) equipped with off-the-shelf multispectral sensors originally designed for terrestrial applications can also be used to derive water quality properties in coastal waters. The at-sensor total radiance a UAS measured constitutes the sum of water-leaving radiance (LW) and incident radiance reflected off the sea surface into the detector’s field of view (LSR). LW is radiance that emanates from the water and contains a spectral shape and magnitude governed by optically active water constituents interacting with downwelling irradiance while LSR is independent of water constituents and is instead governed by a given sea-state surface reflecting light; a familiar example is sun glint. Failure to accurately account for LSR can significantly influence Rrs, resulting in inaccurate water quality estimates once algorithms are applied. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of methods that remove LSR from total UAS radiance measurements in order to derive more accurate remotely sensed retrievals of scientifically valuable in-water constituents. UAS derived radiometric measurements are evaluated against in situ hyperspectral Rrs measurements to determine the best performing method of estimating and removing surface reflected light and derived water quality estimates. It is recommended to use a pixel-based approach that exploits the high absorption of water at NIR wavelengths to estimate and remove LSR. Multiple linear regressions applied to UAS derived Rrs measurements and in situ chlorophyll a and total suspended solid concentrations resulted in 37 and 9% relative error, respectively, which is comparable to coastal water quality algorithms found in the literature. Future research could account for the high resolution and multi-angular aspect of LSR by using a combination of photogrammetry and radiometry techniques. Management implications from this research include improved water quality monitoring of coastal and inland water bodies in order to effectively track trends, identify and mitigate pollution sources, and discern potential human health risks.

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