Dry tests: construction, principle of action, and application

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Chwojnowski
Keyword(s):  
Construction Principle

The consistency problem for positive comprehension principles

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1401-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Forti ◽  
R. Hinnion
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Large Cardinal ◽  
Positive Theory ◽  
Construction Principle ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Free Construction ◽  
Unpublished Thesis ◽  
Consistency Problem ◽  
Original Construction

Since Gilmore showed that some theory with a positive comprehension scheme is consistent when the axiom of extensionality is dropped and inconsistent with it (see [1] and [2]), the problem of the consistency of various positive comprehension schemes has been investigated. We give here a short classification, which shows clearly the importance of the axiom of extensionality and of the abstraction operator in these consistency problems. The most difficult problem was to show the consistency of the comprehension scheme for positive formulas, with extensionality but without abstraction operator. In his unpublished thesis, Set theory in which the axiom of foundation fails [3], Malitz solved partially this problem but he needed to assume the existence of some unusual kind of large cardinal; as his original construction is very interesting and his thesis is unpublished, we give a short summary of it. M. Forti solved the problem completely by working in ZF with a free-construction principle (sometimes called an anti-foundation axiom), instead of ZF with the axiom of foundation, as Malitz did.This permits one to obtain the consistency of this positive theory, relative to ZF. In his general investigations about “topological set theories” (to be published), E. Weydert has independently proved the same result. The authors are grateful to the Mathematisches Forshungsinstitut Oberwolfach for giving them the opportunity of discussing these subjects and meeting E. Weydert during the meeting “New Foundations”, March 1–7, 1987.

scholarly journals MENGGALI KEARIFAN ISLAM DALAM MENYONGSONG RANCANGAN KUHP

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iftar Aryaputra
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Relevant Theory ◽  
Construction Principle ◽  
Western Law

<p>Dalam teori limitasi yang dikemukakan Muhammad Syahrur, terkandung suatu pemikiran untuk melakukan reinterpretasi <em>fiqh </em>terhadap ayat-ayat <em>hudud </em>yang selama ini dimaknai secara kaku oleh masyarakat Arab. Syahrur ingin menegaskan bahwa Islam adalah ajaran yang relevan di setiap zaman. Banyak nilai-nilai kearifan yang terkandung dalam ajaran Islam. Nilai-nilai inilah yang juga diakomodir oleh Rancangan KUHP. Bukan hanya bertumpu pada ajaran-ajaran hukum barat, melainkan juga berangkat dari kearifan lokal, maupun kearifan relijius. Nilai-nilai relijius dijadikan suatu konstruksi asas dalam RKUHP. Dengan adanya integrasi nilai-nilai kearifan dalam Islam, menunjukkan bahwa RKUHP tidak hanya menggunakan pendekatan tekstual maupun kontekstual, tetapi juga pendekatan relijius.</p><p> </p><p><em>In the limitation theory proposed by Muhammad Shahrur, contained an idea to do a reinterpretation of fiqh on hudud verses that had been rigidly interpreted by the Arabian. Shahrur would like to emphasize that Islam is a relevant theory in every age. Many wisdom values contained in the theory of Islam. These values are also accommodated by the Draft of Criminal Code (RKUHP). It is not just rely on the theory of Western law, but also departs from local wisdom, and religious wisdom. Religious values are used as a construction principle in RKUHP. The integration of the wisdom values in Islam shows that RKUHP not only uses textual and contextual approach, but also, religious approach.</em></p>

scholarly journals Well-order as a construction principle for physical theories

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schust
Keyword(s):  
Real Number ◽  
Ordered Set ◽  
Mathematical Concept ◽  
Ordered Sets ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Fundamental Idea ◽  
Construction Principle ◽  
Number Lines ◽  
Representation Of Time

AbstractPhysics has up to now missed to express in mathematical terms the fundamental idea of events of a path in time and space uniquely succeeding one another. An appropriate mathematical concept that reflects this idea is a well-ordered set. In such a set every subset has a least element. Thus every element of a well-ordered set has as its definite successor the least element of the subset of all elements larger than itself. This is apparently contradictory to the densely ordered real number lines which conventionally constitute the coordinate axes in any representation of time and space and in which between any two numbers exists always another number. In this article it is shown how decomposing this disaccord in favour of well-ordered sets causes spacetime to be discontinuous.

Construction principle of a nonimaging optical system of an illuminating device

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Gapeeva ◽  
V. A. Zverev ◽  
I. N. Timoshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Construction Principle
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