Analysis of the maximum refractive index difference profile of optical waveguides obtained by double ion exchange in glass

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niculae N. Puscas
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Refractive Index Difference

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of refractive index difference on the coupling efficiency of periodically segmented waveguide mode converter

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Lianqiong Jiang ◽  
Ji’an Duan
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Refractive Index Difference ◽  
Efficient Coupling

Efficient coupling of micro/nano-optical waveguides with single-mode fibers is the premise for the efficient operation of the integrated photonic chip, which directly determines its optical performance. In this paper, the design principles of periodically segmented waveguide (PSW) structure used for high-efficiency fiber-chip coupling are proposed, and the effects of refractive index difference Δ on coupling efficiency and structural parameters are studied by simulation. It is found that as the Δ of the PSW increases, the period of the PSW tends to be smaller, and the coupling efficiency decreases continuously, reduced by around 0.673 dB in the range of Δ = 3% to Δ = 7%. Through the analysis of PSW optical mechanisms, it demonstrates that the main reason for the decrease of coupling efficiency is that the transmission loss of the tapered section increases sharply with the increase of Δ. High-Δ PSW is difficult to apply to highly integrated silica optical chips due to the unignorably insertion loss.

TEM characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Wide Channel ◽  
Tem Characterization

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.

Refractive Index Profiles of High Dose Ti Implanted Optical Waveguides in LiNbO3

1989 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bremer ◽  
P.R. Ashley ◽  
R. Irmscher ◽  
Ch. Buchal
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Extraordinary Refractive Index

ABSTRACTSingle crystalline substrates of LiNb03 have been implanted with 48Ti ions at 200 keV and doses up to 4 × 1017 cm−2. The implants have been performed at wafer temperatures of 77 K, 300 K and 620 K. Immediate subsequent processing at 1273 K in wet oxygen ambient led to good epitaxial regrowth at all doses, if sufficient time was allowed. The maximum observed extraordinary refractive index change after regrowth Δne=0.04, indicating a solubility limit of 3.3×l021 Ti cm−3 corresponding to 18 % of Nb5+ replaced by Ti4+.

scholarly journals Low-repetition rate femtosecond laser writing of optical waveguides in KTP crystals: analysis of anisotropic refractive index changes

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 15343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Butt ◽  
Huu-Dat Nguyen ◽  
Airán Ródenas ◽  
Carolina Romero ◽  
Pablo Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Laser Writing ◽  
Index Changes

scholarly journals Analysis of large refractive index difference of GRIN-rod lenses caused by ion-exchanging

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 5890
Author(s):  
Wang Feng ◽  
Liu De-Sen ◽  
Jiang Xiao-Ping ◽  
Zhou Su-Mei
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Refractive Index Difference

scholarly journals Modes Effective Refractive Index Difference Measurement in Few-mode Optical Fiber

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Zhifang Wu ◽  
Tianye Huang ◽  
Xuguang Shao ◽  
Ping Shum
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Effective Refractive Index ◽  
Difference Measurement ◽  
Refractive Index Difference

Design and synthesis of low refractive index polymers for modulation in optical waveguides

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bosc ◽  
A Rousseau ◽  
A Morand ◽  
P Benech ◽  
S Tedjini
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Low Refractive Index
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