Measuring the impact of human-centric design on human performance in a combat information center

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Pharmer ◽  
Greg Hildebrand ◽  
Gwendolyn E. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Information Center ◽  
The Impact

Measuring the Impact of Advanced Technologies and Reorganization on Human Performance in a Combat Information Center

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (37) ◽  
pp. 642-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared T. Freeman ◽  
Gwendolyn E. Campbell ◽  
Greg Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Information Center ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Systematically evaluating the impact of novel technology and organizational structure on team performance is a complex, multidimensional task. We define several of these dimensions that are of particular interest in the development of new command and control teams and technologies for the U.S. Navy. In addition, we describe an approach to stimulating and measuring human behavior on these dimensions, and an experiment in which this approach is applied. Preliminary data are presented.

scholarly journals The Impact of Shape-Based Cue Discriminability on Attentional Performance

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Olga Lukashova-Sanz ◽  
Siegfried Wahl ◽  
Thomas S. A. Wallis ◽  
Katharina Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Know How ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Attentional Performance ◽  
Cue Processing ◽  
The Impact

With rapidly developing technology, visual cues became a powerful tool for deliberate guiding of attention and affecting human performance. Using cues to manipulate attention introduces a trade-off between increased performance in cued, and decreased in not cued, locations. For higher efficacy of visual cues designed to purposely direct user’s attention, it is important to know how manipulation of cue properties affects attention. In this verification study, we addressed how varying cue complexity impacts the allocation of spatial endogenous covert attention in space and time. To gradually vary cue complexity, the discriminability of the cue was systematically modulated using a shape-based design. Performance was compared in attended and unattended locations in an orientation-discrimination task. We evaluated additional temporal costs due to processing of a more complex cue by comparing performance at two different inter-stimulus intervals. From preliminary data, attention scaled with cue discriminability, even for supra-threshold cue discriminability. Furthermore, individual cue processing times partly impacted performance for the most complex, but not simpler cues. We conclude that, first, cue complexity expressed by discriminability modulates endogenous covert attention at supra-threshold cue discriminability levels, with increasing benefits and decreasing costs; second, it is important to consider the temporal processing costs of complex visual cues.

Human Performance Evaluation of a Metaphor Graphic Display for Respiratory Data

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Stewart ◽  
W. G. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Pattern Detection ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Graphic Display ◽  
Literal Sense ◽  
Single Number ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Problem

Abstract:Metaphor graphics are data displays designed to look like corresponding variables in the real world, but in a non-literal sense of “look like”. Evaluation of the impact of these graphics on human problem solving has twice been carried out, but with conflicting results. The present experiment attempted to clarify the discrepancies between these findings by using a complex task in which expert subjects interpreted respiratory data. The metaphor graphic display led to interpretations twice as fast as a tabular (flowsheet) format, suggesting that conflict between earlier studies is due either to differences in training or to differences in goodness of metaphor, Findings to date indicate that metaphor graphics work with complex as well as simple data sets, pattern detection as well as single number reporting tasks, and with expert as well as novice subjects.

Level of Automation Forms a Key Aspect of Autonomy Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mica R. Endsley
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The concept of different levels of automation (LOAs) has been pervasive in the automation literature since its introduction by Sheridan and Verplanck. LOA taxonomies have been very useful in guiding understanding of how automation affects human cognition and performance, with several practical and theoretical benefits. Over the past several decades a wide body of research has been conducted on the impact of various LOAs on human performance, workload, and situation awareness (SA). LOA has a significant effect on operator SA and level of engagement that helps to ameliorate out-of-the-loop performance problems. Together with other aspects of system design, including adaptive automation, granularity of control, and automation interface design, LOA is a fundamental design characteristic that determines the ability of operators to provide effective oversight and interaction with system autonomy. LOA research provides a solid foundation for guiding the creation of effective human–automation interaction, which is critical for the wide range of autonomous and semiautonomous systems currently being developed across many industries.

Human Performance

2014 ◽  
pp. 267-273
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
The Future ◽  
Performance Issues ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

This chapter looks into horizontal issues in ICT advances and discusses how the factor of human performance could help in increasing the impact of eAccessibility and assistive technologies in the future. More specifically, it revisits some of the ideas presented in earlier chapters looking at them from a different angle. The one of maximizing the audience and target group for assistive technologies through the increase in human performance, issues related with exoskeletons for working environments and dual use of assistive technology, sports as a motivator, aesthetics and fashion of prosthetics are discussed from this same perspective. Human performance could be a critical factor for the future of assistive technologies, and today's people with disabilities could become tomorrow's people with super-abilities and leaders in human performance issues.

scholarly journals Human factors challenges for the safe use of artificial intelligence in patient care

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. e100081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sujan ◽  
Dominic Furniss ◽  
Kath Grundy ◽  
Howard Grundy ◽  
David Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Factors Research

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in patient care can offer significant benefits. However, there is a lack of independent evaluation considering AI in use. The paper argues that consideration should be given to how AI will be incorporated into clinical processes and services. Human factors challenges that are likely to arise at this level include cognitive aspects (automation bias and human performance), handover and communication between clinicians and AI systems, situation awareness and the impact on the interaction with patients. Human factors research should accompany the development of AI from the outset.

The Impact of Task Characteristics on Display Format Effects

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
David R. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Display Format ◽  
The One ◽  
Format Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Performance Research

A study was conducted to determine how well the display format effects described by Tullis (1983, 1984) and the resulting prediction equations could be generalized to other display situations. Task complexity and visual monitoring load were identified as task variables which could potentially moderate the format effects and, thus, were varied factorially. The current study also sought to extend Tullis's findings to tasks where the use of several pieces of information from predictable display locations is required. In general, the data indicate the need to study Tullis's format dimensions more fully before using his regression equations to evaluate display designs for use outside the task situation in which the equations were developed. Also, subjects were unable to evaluate their performance accurately under alternative display designs. Their evaluations seemed to be determined mostly by the perceived ease with which information was extracted from the display. This outcome should serve as a warning to system designers. That is, empirical human performance research should be conducted when performance is the paramount design criterion and a validated prediction system, such as the one developed by Tullis for search, is not available.

scholarly journals Quality and Safety of Minimally Invasive Surgery: Past, Present, and Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. BECB.S10967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette McCrory ◽  
Chad A. LaGrange ◽  
M.S. Hallbeck
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Surgical Errors ◽  
The Impact

Adverse events because of medical errors are a leading cause of death in the United States (US) exceeding the mortality rates of motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, and AIDS. Improvements can and should be made to reduce the rates of preventable surgical errors because they account for nearly half of all adverse events within hospitals. Although minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has proven patient benefits such as reduced postoperative pain and hospital stay, its operative environment imposes substantial physical and cognitive strain on the surgeon increasing the risk of error. To mitigate errors and protect patients, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve MIS. Clinical human factors, and biomedical engineering principles and methodologies can be used to develop and assess laparoscopic surgery instrumentation, practices, and procedures. First, the foundational understanding and the imperative to transform health care into a high-quality and safe system is discussed. Next, a generalized perspective is presented on the impact of the design and redesign of surgical technologies and processes on human performance. Finally, the future of this field and the research needed to further improve the quality and safety of MIS is discussed.

Human Performance Assessment to Support Rapid Prototyping and Iterative Design

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (16) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Broyles
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Performance System ◽  
Navy Personnel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
A Current

Fourteen U.S. Navy personnel with Aegis Combat System, Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS), and Non-NTDS operational experience participated in an experiment designed to investigate the impact of proposed workstation designs on operator performance, system usability, and training. Human performance data were collected on a sample of operational procedures typically performed in a Combat Information Center (CIC) for a current Navy Combat System and a prototype workstation. The prototype was developed using specific human factors design principles with the goal of reducing training time, improving operator retention of skills for system operation, reducing errors in system operation, improving operator efficiency (e.g., speed & accuracy of performance), and improving user's satisfaction with the user-computer interface. This paper reports only the preliminary results for data collected from seven subjects who performed procedures using the prototype workstation.

Assessment of the Impact of Clinical Pharmacology Consultations Provided to Hospital Clinicians From the Drug Information Center—An Outcome Research in a Developing Country

2019 ◽  
pp. 089719001988525
Author(s):  
CVN Harish ◽  
Devaraj Belavigi ◽  
Amol N. Patil ◽  
Smita Pattanaik ◽  
Ashish Kakkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Information Center ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
The Impact

Background: Drug Information Center (DIC) with on-call evidence-based medicine service can revolutionize health-care practice and also can play a major role in health-care delivery in both developed and developing countries. Objective: To assess the feedback received from hospital clinicians for the newly initiated DIC services in a tertiary care hospital of North India. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted between January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. The clinicians approached DIC for specific pharmacotherapeutic questions for managing an index patient. After providing consultation, DIC followed up with them for the action taken and feedback on the consultation. The results of the data analyzed using Fisher Exact test and descriptive statistics. Results: Of 264 encounters, more than 98% of clinicians found the service satisfactory. There was a statistically significant association between the timely answer provided to treating physicians and their level of satisfaction with the service ( P < .05). There was no significant association between academic experiences and the satisfaction or dissatisfaction among the clinical fraternity colleagues. The interpretation ability of on-call pharmacology postgraduate students was a significantly associated factor with clinician’s satisfaction level ( P < .05). More than 96% of clinicians followed the pharmacotherapy advice recommended by DIC in their patient management. Conclusion: Thorough evaluation of published research needs to be taught to budding pharmacologists, pharmacists in their curriculum for an effective DIC service. DIC service has the potential to minimize the barrier of evidence-based medicine practice in developing as well as developed countries.

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