Varied-line-spacing laminar-type holographic grating for the standard soft x-ray flat-field spectrograph

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Koike ◽  
Takeshi Namioka ◽  
Eric M. Gullikson ◽  
Yoshihisa Harada ◽  
Sadayuki Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Holographic Grating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
Line Spacing

Comparison of mechanically ruled versus holographically varied line-spacing gratings for a soft-x-ray flat-field spectrograph

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (19) ◽  
pp. 4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yamazaki ◽  
Eric Gullikson ◽  
Noboru Miyata ◽  
Masato Koike ◽  
Yoshihisa Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
Line Spacing

Performance of laminar-type holographic grating for a soft x-ray flat-field spectrograph in the 0.7–6 nm region

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 1156-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Koike ◽  
Kazuo Sano ◽  
Eric Gullikson ◽  
Yoshihisa Harada ◽  
Hideki Kumata
Keyword(s):  
Holographic Grating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flat Field

Development of soft X-ray multilayer laminar-type plane gratings and varied-line-spacing spherical grating for flat-field spectrograph in the 1–8 keV region

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 756-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Koike ◽  
Masahiko Ishino ◽  
Takashi Imazono ◽  
Kazuo Sano ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
Line Spacing

Fabrication and evaluation of a wideband multilayer laminar-type holographic grating for use with a soft-x-ray flat-field spectrograph in the region of 17 keV

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (28) ◽  
pp. 7054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Imazono ◽  
Masahiko Ishino ◽  
Masato Koike ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasai ◽  
Kazuo Sano
Keyword(s):  
Holographic Grating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flat Field

Design of an ultrahigh-energy-resolution and wide-energy-range soft X-ray beamline

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Xue ◽  
R. Reininger ◽  
Y.-Q. Wu ◽  
Y. Zou ◽  
Z.-M. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Wide Energy Range ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Exit Slit ◽  
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Variable Line ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
Wide Energy

A new ultrahigh-energy-resolution and wide-energy-range soft X-ray beamline has been designed and is under construction at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The beamline has two branches: one dedicated to angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and the other to photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM). The two branches share the same plane-grating monochromator, which is equipped with four variable-line-spacing gratings and covers the 20–2000 eV energy range. Two elliptically polarized undulators are employed to provide photons with variable polarization, linear in every inclination and circular. The expected energy resolution is approximately 10 meV at 1000 eV with a flux of more than 3 × 1010 photons s−1at the ARPES sample positions. The refocusing of both branches is based on Kirkpatrick–Baez pairs. The expected spot sizes when using a 10 µm exit slit are 15 µm × 5 µm (horizontal × vertical FWHM) at the ARPES station and 10 µm × 5 µm (horizontal × vertical FWHM) at the PEEM station. The use of plane optical elements upstream of the exit slit, a variable-line-spacing grating and a pre-mirror in the monochromator that allows the influence of the thermal deformation to be eliminated are essential for achieving the ultrahigh-energy resolution.

Design of soft x-ray varied-line-spacing grating based on electron beam lithography-near field lithography

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dakui Lin ◽  
Huoyao Chen ◽  
Stefanie Kroker ◽  
Thomas Käsebier ◽  
Zhengkun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Near Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Line Spacing

scholarly journals Iterative regularity and parent-offspring growth mold of stable grain array in bismuth silicate micro-crystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Z.G. Zhang ◽  
X.F. Wang ◽  
Q.Q. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bismuth Silicate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
Array Structure ◽  
Sintering Method

Bismuth silicate micro-crystals with grain array structure were prepared by sintering method under atmosphere pressure. The samples were characterized for structural and surface morphological properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The result shows that stable grain arrays grow by iterative mode. If a stable grain array eliminates, a new stable grain array will generate. In a stable parent array, an offspring array may generate after the corresponding partial elimination of its parent array. If one part of an offspring array stops growing, it will be as a new parent array, and then its offspring grain array will create. The sum of the lengths of an offspring array and the corresponding eliminated part of its parent array is equal to the length of the next eliminated part of its parent array. It means the growth rate of an offspring array is equal to that of the corresponding survived part of its parent array. There is a highly correlation between grain array length and average grain line spacing. It means that larger average grain line spacing corresponds to the stable grain array with lager length. When average grain line spacing increases 1?m, the corresponding array length will increase approximately 7.6?m.

scholarly journals Time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy of optical-field-ionized plasmas

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Borgström ◽  
T. Starczewski ◽  
S. Svanberg ◽  
C.-G. Wahlström ◽  
E. Fill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Field ◽  
Field Ionization ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temporal Shape ◽  
Slow Decay ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
Nitrogen Plasmas ◽  
Institute Of Technology

The time-dependent soft X-ray emission of helium and nitrogen plasmas generated by optical-field ionization is reported. The experiments were carried out by focusing pulses of the high-power Ti:sapphire laser of the Lund Institute of Technology (λ = 796 nm, pulse duration 150 fs, pulse energy 150 mJ) to a 50-μm diameter spot close to a nozzle, using He and N2 as target gases. The emission on He+, N4+, and N3+ resonance lines was recorded by means of a flat-field grating spectrometer coupled to an X-ray streak camera. A pronounced difference in the temporal shape of the emission of the Lyman-α line of hydrogen-like helium and of the 2p−3d resonance lines of lithium-like and beryllium-like nitrogen was observed. The helium line exhibited an initial spike followed by a slow revival of the emission, whereas the nitrogen lines showed a slow decay after a fast initial rise. These observations are explained with the help of simulations.

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