Non-steady-state photo-EMF effect in photorefractive polymers

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Bittner ◽  
Serguei I. Stepanov ◽  
Klaus Meerholz
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Photorefractive Polymers ◽  
Emf Effect

Non-steady-state photo-EMF effect induced by an arbitrary 1-D periodical light distribution

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Guízar-Iturbide ◽  
Luis Gerardo de la Fraga ◽  
Ponciano Rodríguez-Montero ◽  
Svetlana Mansurova
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Emf Effect

Nonsteady-state photo-EMF effect in photorefractive polymers

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (24) ◽  
pp. 3723-3725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Bittner ◽  
Klaus Meerholz ◽  
Serguei Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Photorefractive Polymers ◽  
Nonsteady State ◽  
Emf Effect

Studies on Water in the Hydration Chamber of a Modified Electron Microscope

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
R. C. Moretz ◽  
G. G. Hausner ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Equilibrium Pressure ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Mechanical Pump ◽  
Differential Pumping

Use of the electron microscope to examine wet objects is possible due to the small mass thickness of the equilibrium pressure of water vapor at room temperature. Previous attempts to examine hydrated biological objects and water itself used a chamber consisting of two small apertures sealed by two thin films. Extensive work in our laboratory showed that such films have an 80% failure rate when wet. Using the principle of differential pumping of the microscope column, we can use open apertures in place of thin film windows.Fig. 1 shows the modified Siemens la specimen chamber with the connections to the water supply and the auxiliary pumping station. A mechanical pump is connected to the vapor supply via a 100μ aperture to maintain steady-state conditions.

Continuous hydrogenolysis of acetal-stabilized lignin in flow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Lan ◽  
Yuan Peng Du ◽  
Songlan Sun ◽  
Jean Behaghel de Bueren ◽  
Florent Héroguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

We performed a steady state high-yielding depolymerization of soluble acetal-stabilized lignin in flow, which offered a window into challenges and opportunities that will be faced when continuously processing this feedstock.

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