Shock Hugoniot curves for several polymeric materials in 0.5-GPa shock stress

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Mori ◽  
Kunihito Nagayama
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Shock Hugoniot ◽  
Hugoniot Curves ◽  
Shock Stress

Compressive Stress-Strain Relations and Shock Hugoniot Curves of Flexible Foams

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zaretsky ◽  
G. Ben-Dor
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
General Function ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shock Hugoniot ◽  
Hugoniot Curves

Based on the general shape of the curves describing experimental compressive stress-strain relations of flexible porous materials (e.g., flexible foams) which are known to depend on their relative density, a general mathematical functional dependence of the stress on the strain is proposed. The general function includes two constants. Using experimental and empirical information the values of these constants are determined, so that a final compressive stress-strain relation, in which the relative density is a parameter, is obtained. Good agreement is found when the presently developed empirical stress-strain relations are compared to experimental ones for a wide range of relative densities. The proposed compressive stress-strain relations are then used to derive shock Hugoniot relations for flexible porous materials. With the aid of these relations one can investigate the dynamic behavior of foams struck head-on by shock waves. The finally obtained empirical shock Hugoniot relations are found to be similar to experimental relations which are proposed in the literature. In addition, a mathematical investigation of the asymptotic behavior of the shock Hugoniot relations is conducted. The results of this investigation are found to agree excellently with actual experimental data.

Thermodynamic conditions of shock Hugoniot curves in hot dense matter

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Porcherot ◽  
Gérald Faussurier ◽  
Christophe Blancard
Keyword(s):  
Dense Matter ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Shock Hugoniot ◽  
Hugoniot Curves

Simulations of Shocked Methane Including Self-consistent Semiclassical Quantum Nuclear Effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Qi ◽  
Evan J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
Atomistic Simulations ◽  
Thermal Bath ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Shock Hugoniot ◽  
Hugoniot Curves ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
Nuclear Effects

ABSTRACTA methodology is described for atomistic simulations of shock-compressed materials that incorporates quantum nuclear effects on the fly. We introduce a modification of the multi-scale shock technique (MSST) that couples to a quantum thermal bath described by a colored noise Langevin thermostat. The new approach, which we call QB-MSST, is of comparable computational cost to MSST and self-consistently incorporates quantum heat capacities and Bose-Einstein harmonic vibrational distributions. As a first test, we study shock-compressed methane using the ReaxFF potential. The Hugoniot curves predicted from the new approach are found comparable with existing experimental data. We find that the self-consistent nature of the method results in the onset of chemistry at 40% lower pressure on the shock Hugoniot than observed with classical molecular dynamics. The temperature change associated with quantum heat capacity is determined to be the primary factor in this shift.

Experimental Determination of Shock Hugoniot for Water, Castor Oil, and Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Chloride, Sucrose and Gelatin

2007 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Gojani ◽  
Kazuyoshi Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Type Equation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Shock Hugoniot ◽  
Hugoniot Curves

Shock waves are indispensable tools for medical applications, and hence their interactions with human tissue become one of the most important basic research topics. In this paper, the determination of shock Hugoniot curves for liquids that can model human tissue, namely water, castor oil, and aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, sucrose and gelatin, at 10 and 20 weight percent are presented. Underwater shock waves were generated by ignition of 10 mg silver azide pellets and time variations of over-pressures were measured and simultaneously the shock speed was measured by the time of flight technique. Then shock Hugoniot curves were obtained, by assuming the Tait type equation of state, to relate the estimated density and measured pressure values. Results show in the cases of aqueous solutions that increasing amount of additives into water causes only a very minute decrease in the compressibility of the solution. This difference was more pronounced in the case of sodium chloride, less for gelatin, and almost none for sucrose aqueous solution.

The Resolution and Contrast in Biological Sections Determined by Inelastic and Elastic Scattering

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
D. L. Misell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Elastic Ratio

In the electron microscopy of biological sections the adverse effect of chromatic aberration on image resolution is well known. In this paper calculations are presented for the inelastic and elastic image intensities using a wave-optical formulation. Quantitative estimates of the deterioration in image resolution as a result of chromatic aberration are presented as an alternative to geometric calculations. The predominance of inelastic scattering in the unstained biological and polymeric materials is shown by the inelastic to elastic ratio, I/E, within an objective aperture of 0.005 rad for amorphous carbon of a thickness, t=50nm, typical of biological sections; E=200keV, I/E=16.

Application Of Electron Microscopy To Automotive Finish Defect Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
Martin J. Mahon ◽  
Patrick W. Keating ◽  
John T. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Automotive Finish

Coatings are applied to appliances, instruments and automobiles for a variety of reasons including corrosion protection and enhancement of market value. Automobile finishes are a highly complex blend of polymeric materials which have a definite impact on the eventual ability of a car to sell. Consumers report that the gloss of the finish is one of the major items they look for in an automobile.With the finish being such an important part of the automobile, there is a zero tolerance for paint defects by auto assembly plant management. Owing to the increased complexity of the paint matrix and its inability to be “forgiving” when foreign materials are introduced into a newly applied finish, the analysis of paint defects has taken on unparalleled importance. Scanning electron microscopy with its attendant x-ray analysis capability is the premier method of examining defects and attempting to identify their root cause.Defects are normally examined by cutting out a coupon sized portion of the autobody and viewing in an SEM at various angles.

Colloidal systems in soils

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
J. Thieme ◽  
J. Niemeyer ◽  
P. Guttman
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Aggregation Phenomena ◽  
Iron And Manganese ◽  
Soil Colloids

In soil science the fraction of colloids in soils is understood as particles with diameters smaller than 2μm. Clay minerals, aquoxides of iron and manganese, humic substances, and other polymeric materials are found in this fraction. The spatial arrangement (microstructure) is controlled by the substantial structure of the colloids, by the chemical composition of the soil solution, and by thesoil biota. This microstructure determines among other things the diffusive mass flow within the soils and as a result the availability of substances for chemical and microbiological reactions. The turnover of nutrients, the adsorption of toxicants and the weathering of soil clay minerals are examples of these surface mediated reactions. Due to their high specific surface area, the soil colloids are the most reactive species in this respect. Under the chemical conditions in soils, these minerals are associated in larger aggregates. The accessibility of reactive sites for these reactions on the surface of the colloids is reduced by this aggregation. To determine the turnover rates of chemicals within these aggregates it is highly desirable to visualize directly these aggregation phenomena.

Pyridyl disulfide-based thiol–disulfide exchange reaction: shaping the design of redox-responsive polymeric materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 7603-7624
Author(s):  
Ismail Altinbasak ◽  
Mehmet Arslan ◽  
Rana Sanyal ◽  
Amitav Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Disulfide Exchange ◽  
Redox Responsive ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

This review provides an overview of synthetic approaches utilized to incorporate the thiol-reactive pyridyl-disulfide motif into various polymeric materials, and briefly highlights its utilization to obtain functional materials.

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