Elastic-scattering spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of chemotherapy and PDT drug concentrations in vivo

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving J. Bigio ◽  
Judith R. Mourant ◽  
Gerrit Los
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Elastic scattering spectroscopy in vivo: optical biopsies of cancers of the breast and GI tract

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. O. Pickard ◽  
Gavin M. Briggs ◽  
Christobel Saunders ◽  
Sunil Lakhani ◽  
Paul M. Ripley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy

In-vivo detection of pre-cancerous changes in Barrett's esophagus using elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS)

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Clark ◽  
Kristie Johnson ◽  
Gary D. Mackenzie ◽  
Marco R. Novelli ◽  
Chelliah R. Selvasekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Barrett’S Esophagus ◽  
Barrett's Esophagus ◽  
Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy ◽  
In Vivo Detection

Elastic scattering spectroscopy in assessing skin lesions: An “in vivo” study

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahwinder Upile ◽  
Waseem Jerjes ◽  
Hani Radhi ◽  
Jaspal Mahil ◽  
Anuja Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy

Methodological Approaches to Evaluate Fetal Drug Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naïm Bouazza ◽  
Frantz Foissac ◽  
Déborah Hirt ◽  
Saïk Urien ◽  
Sihem Benaboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Pbpk Models ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Fetal Drug Exposure

Background: Drug prescriptions are usual during pregnancy, however, women and their fetuses still remain an orphan population with regard to drugs efficacy and safety. Most xenobiotics diffuse through the placenta and some of them can alter fetus development resulting in structural abnormalities, growth or functional deficiencies. Methods: To summarize the different methodologies developed towards the prediction of fetal drug exposure. Results: Neonatal cord blood concentration is the most specific measurement of the transplacental drug transfer at the end of pregnancy. Using the cord blood and mother drug concentrations altogether, drug exchanges between the mother and fetus can be modeled and quantified via a population pharmacokinetic analysis. Thereafter, it is possible to estimate the fetus exposure and the fetus-to-mother exposure ratio. However, the prediction of placental transfer before any administration to pregnant women is desirable. Animal studies remain difficult to interpret due to structural and functional inter-species placenta differences. The ex-vivo perfusion of the human placental cotyledon is the method of reference to study the human placental transfer of drugs because it is thought to mimic the functional placental tissue. However, extrapolation of data to in vivo situation remains difficult. Some research groups have extensively worked on physiologically based models (PBPK) to predict fetal drug exposure and showed very encouraging results. Conclusion: PBPK models appeared to be a very promising tool in order to predict fetal drug exposure in-silico. However, these models mainly picture the end of pregnancy and knowledge regarding both, development of the placental permeability and transporters is strongly needed.

scholarly journals Drug Delivery by Ultrasound-Responsive Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Kristin Entzian ◽  
Achim Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Safety Considerations

Conventional cancer chemotherapies often exhibit insufficient therapeutic outcomes and dose-limiting toxicity. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapeutics and formulations with higher efficacy, improved safety, and more favorable toxicological profiles. This has promoted the development of nanomedicines, including systems for drug delivery, but also for imaging and diagnostics. Nanoparticles loaded with drugs can be designed to overcome several biological barriers to improving efficiency and reducing toxicity. In addition, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are able to release their payload on demand at the tumor tissue site, preventing premature drug loss. This review focuses on ultrasound-triggered drug delivery by nanocarriers as a versatile, cost-efficient, non-invasive technique for improving tissue specificity and tissue penetration, and for achieving high drug concentrations at their intended site of action. It highlights aspects relevant for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, including ultrasound parameters and resulting biological effects. Then, concepts in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery are introduced and a comprehensive overview of several types of nanoparticles used for this purpose is given. This includes an in-depth compilation of the literature on the various in vivo ultrasound-responsive drug delivery systems. Finally, toxicological and safety considerations regarding ultrasound-mediated drug delivery with nanocarriers are discussed.

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