<title>Effect of material loss on energy transfer in a laminated beam actuated by a piezoceramic layer</title>

Abstract For the ultrasonic travelling wave motor, the energy-based definition of the electromechanical coupling factor (EMCF) is utilized to adapt the thickness of the piezoceramic layer, which is bonded to the stator of the motor, for maximal energy transfer. A Bernoulli-Euler model for the electromechanical field variables is used to derive the equations of motion and to determine the EMCF for a steady-state solution. The EMCF, depending on the thickness of the piezoceramic layer, is then maximized to optimize the sandwich structure for energy transmission. Results are compared with numerical simulations of the dynamical behavior, obtained by the ANSYS FE-code.

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A quantitative approach to inner shell losses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010010977x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 526-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R.D. Leapman ◽

P. Rez ◽

D.F. Mayers

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Cross Section ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Background Intensity ◽

Core Excitation ◽

Quantitative Basis ◽

Cross Section Differential ◽

Bound Electrons

Microanalysis by EELS has been developing rapidly and though the general form of the spectrum is now understood there is a need to put the technique on a more quantitative basis (1,2). Certain aspects important for microanalysis include: (i) accurate determination of the partial cross sections, σx(α,ΔE) for core excitation when scattering lies inside collection angle a and energy range ΔE above the edge, (ii) behavior of the background intensity due to excitation of less strongly bound electrons, necessary for extrapolation beneath the signal of interest, (iii) departures from the simple hydrogenic K-edge seen in L and M losses, effecting σx and complicating microanalysis. Such problems might be approached empirically but here we describe how computation can elucidate the spectrum shape.The inelastic cross section differential with respect to energy transfer E and momentum transfer q for electrons of energy E0 and velocity v can be written as

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