Simulation model for electrochromic process in WO3 electrodes by a current step and its application to the smart window systems

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqiang Wang ◽  
John M. Bell ◽  
Igor L. Skryabin
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Current Step ◽  
Window Systems ◽  
A Current

scholarly journals Interpretation of the Repetitive Firing of Nerve Cells

1962 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. F. Fuortes ◽  
Francoise Mantegazzini
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Repetitive Firing ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Current Step ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Graded Activity ◽  
A Current

Eccentric cells of Limulus respond with repetitive firing to sustained depolarizing currents. Following stimulation with a step of current, latency is shorter than first interval and later intervals increase progressively. A shock of intensity twice threshold can evoke firing 25 msec. after an impulse. But in the same cell, a current step twice rheobase evokes a second impulse more than 50 msec. after the first, and current intensity must be raised to over five times rheobase to obtain a first interval of about 25 msec. Repetitive firing was evoked by means of trains of shocks. With stimuli of moderate intensity, firing was evoked by only some of the shocks and intervals between successive impulses increased with time. This is ascribed to accumulation of refractoriness with successive impulses. Higher frequencies of firing are obtained with shocks of intensity n x threshold than with constant currents of intensity n x rheobase. It is concluded that prolonged currents depress the processes leading to excitation and that (in the cells studied) repetitive firing is controlled both by the after-effects of firing (refractoriness) and by the depressant effects of sustained stimuli (accommodation). Development of subthreshold "graded activity" is an important process leading to excitation of eccentric cells, but is not the principal factor determining frequency of firing in response to constant currents.

scholarly journals Simulation model of one-phase full bridge diode rectifier with current modulator

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Łukasz Ciepliński ◽  
Michał Krystkowiak ◽  
Michał Gwóźdź
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Model Investigation ◽  
Input Circuit ◽  
Power Circuit ◽  
Sinusoidal Current ◽  
A Current

In the article, the simulation model of a one-phase full bridge diode rectifier with a current modulator in the input circuit is described. The proposed solution is characterized by the consumption of a sinusoidal current from a power grid, compatible in phase with the fundamental harmonic of voltage. The power circuit, as well as controlling parts of the constructed simulation model were presented. Moreover, selected results of the simulation model investigation are shown.

A model for rebound bursting in mammalian neurons

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 (1316) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bifurcation Diagram ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Thalamic Neuron ◽  
Subthreshold Region ◽  
Current Step ◽  
A Current ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In this paper we begin by simplifying our previous model of a thalamic neuron (Rose & Hindmarsh Proc. R. Soc. Lond . B 237, 289-312 (1989 b )) by removal of the A current. A Ca 2+ -activated K + current, with Ca 2+ entering through T channels, is then added to give a model for a class of mammalian neurons in which the membrane potential oscillates in the subthreshold region following a hyperpolarizing current step. The properties of the model are represented using an experimentally observable bifurcation diagram. In the subthreshold region only three variables are required to explain the essential dynamic properties of the cell. In this three-dimensional space the solutions tend to lie on a surface which resembles a paraboloid. We use a simplified model of this model to explain both the dynamics of the solutions on this surface and the form of the bifurcation diagram.

MAGNETIC FIELD CONTROLLED SUPERCONDUCTING - RESISTIVE AND RESISTIVE - SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITIONS IN HIGHLY HYSTERETIC JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (04n06) ◽  
pp. 757-761
Author(s):  
R. LATEMPA ◽  
G. CARAPELLA ◽  
G. COSTABILE ◽  
G. P. PEPE ◽  
L. PARLATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Josephson Junction ◽  
Pulse Shape ◽  
Suitable Choice ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Magnetic Pulse ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Current Step ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
A Current

We report measurements of the switching induced by a rapidly varying magnetic field in a single, small, fully hysteretic Josephson junction. We demonstrate that the variation of the magnetic field, generated by a current step in a control line deposited on the top of the junction, can control the transitions from Josephson branch to the resistive branch and vice versa. The transition from resistive branch to Josephson branch is not trivial for an hysteretic junction. With a suitable choice of the magnetic pulse shape, a "deterministic flip-flop regime" can be achieved in this system.

scholarly journals Dynamic Voltage Support of Converters during Grid Faults in Accordance with National Grid Code Requirements

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Marchgraber ◽  
Wolfgang Gawlik
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Current Limitation ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Dynamic Voltage ◽  
Grid Codes ◽  
Voltage Support ◽  
A Current

To ensure system stability, national grid codes often require converter-based generators to provide fault-ride-through (FRT) capabilities and dynamic voltage support, according to which they should stay connected and support the voltage during fault situations. The requirements for dynamic voltage support include the injection of reactive current in the positive- as well as negative-sequence system, directly proportional to the change of the corresponding voltage between fault and pre-fault. Since this requirement may lead to a reference current surpassing the maximum current capability, the converter control has to contain a proper current limitation. This paper presents an algorithm for such a current limitation and a simulation model of a converter and its control, which applies this algorithm. Based on voltage measurements, which were measured during forced short-circuits in the real grid, the simulation model is used to simulate the behavior of a converter in reaction to these voltage measurements. The results show that the converter control using this algorithm for current limitation guarantees a current output below the maximum current capability while respecting the requirements for dynamic voltage support of the relevant grid codes.

Improved CO Tolerance With PtRu Anode Catalysts in ABPBI Based High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Oettel ◽  
Liisa Rihko-Struckmann ◽  
Kai Sundmacher
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Anode Catalyst ◽  
Current Step ◽  
Co Tolerance ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
A Current

The potential to improve the CO tolerance of a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) was investigated by introducing a platinum-ruthenium alloy as anode catalyst. The electrolyte was a H3PO4 doped poly-2,5-benzimidazole polymer (ABPBI). The experiments were carried out at the temperatures between 403 and 443 K with a CO concentration in the H2 feed gas between 0 and 6.5 vol%. The alloy anode catalyst lowers significantly the negative influence of CO in the feed, exceeding the known temperature dependent CO poisoning mitigation in HT-PEMFCs. It was found that the voltage loss of a HT-PEMFC with PtRu anode catalyst was lower than that of a similar cell equipped with Pt anode. The dynamic cell voltage response to a current step was analyzed under CO influence, as well. The PtRu bimetallic anode electrode was found to lower the observed voltage overshoot behavior after a current step, if compared to conventional Pt anode.

Analysis and Optimization of Rear Occupant Safety in Car Head-On Collision

2013 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Liang Hong ◽  
Ru Hai Ge ◽  
Yun Teng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Occupant Safety ◽  
Occupant Restraint System ◽  
Car Model ◽  
Safety Belt ◽  
Passenger Safety ◽  
Seat Cushion ◽  
A Current

The MADYMO simulation model of the rear occupant restraint system based a current car model was constructed, researching the influence of the rear seat cushion stiffness and cushion angle with the floor, the 3-point seatbelt webbing stiffness and retractor locking feature on rear-seat passenger safety in the head-on collision. Thereafter, the entire rear occupant restraint system was optimised. The result shows when the rear seat cushion stiffness is 30N/mm, the cushion angle is 25°, the safety belt stiffness is 11% and the webbing output after the retractor locks is 30mm, rear occupant would obtain the optimum protection.

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