New method of gain and noise factor determination of an erbium-doped fiber optical amplifier by electrical noise measurements

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Fournier ◽  
Bernard P. Orsal ◽  
Jean-Marie Peransin
Keyword(s):  
Optical Amplifier ◽  
Noise Factor ◽  
New Method ◽  
Electrical Noise ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Fiber Optical ◽  
Noise Measurements

scholarly journals Novel flattened gain using RAMAN-Erbium doped silica fiber hybrid optical amplifier for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Chakresh Kumar ◽  
Ghanendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Noise Figure ◽  
Optical Amplifier ◽  
Silica Fiber ◽  
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Fiber Optical ◽  
Hybrid Optical Amplifier

We have proposed a very advanced super dense wavelength division multiplexing (SD-WDM) system using RAMANErbium doped silica fiber optical amplifier (EDSFA) hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) in this paper. Performance is evaluated in term of flattened gain and noise figure for C-band. Effect of proposed hybrid optical amplifier also compared with EDFARAMAN, EDFA-SOA and SOA-SOA HOA for the same characteristics. Best rating gain of 37.5 dB with noise figure of 5.4 dB ever recorded from RAMAN-EDSFA HOA. It is also observed that out come from SOA-SOA HOA is not acceptable in term of noise figure of 9.1 dB for 400 x 10 GB/s SD-WDM system. Keywords: SD-WDM, RAMAN-EDSFA, EDFA-RAMAN, EDFA-SOA, SOA-SOA, noise figure, gain

A new method for the determination of nitrates

1960 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P WEST ◽  
G LYLES
Keyword(s):  
New Method

A New Method for the Determination of Plasma Activators of Fibrinolysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Margalit ◽  
E Gidron ◽  
Y Shalitin
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Effective Activator

SummaryThe term “effective activator” of plasminogen is proposed, to denote the resultant of activator-antiactivator interaction, and a method for the determination of the level of these activators is described. By adding axcess plasminogen to the euglobulin fraction of plasma the influence of the level of endogenous plasminogen and of the antiplasmin is eliminated. It is shown that the level of fibrinogen has very little bearing on the results. An effective activator unit is defined as equal to 1 CTA unit of urokinase activity on a fibrinogen-plasminogen substrate.

The Plasmin Inhibitors of Plasma

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shamash ◽  
A Rimon
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
New Method ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Caseinolytic Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasmin Inhibitors

SummaryA new method for the assay of plasmin inhibitors in human plasma is described. The method consists of determination of the caseinolytic activity of a standard plasmin solution before and after incubation with the inhibitor, with lysine added to the mixture as a stabilizer of plasmin. Using this method, it was found that plasma contains enough inhibitors to inactivate 30 caseinolytic units of plasmin, or 10 times the normal amount of plasminogen in human plasma.

AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION REACTIONS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GONADOTROPHINS

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S95-S112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. W. M. Schuurs
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
New Method ◽  
Test Fluid ◽  
Main Application ◽  
Test Systems

ABSTRACT Various techniques for sensitising erythrocytes and latex particles with gonadotrophins, particularly with HCG, are described. The haemagglutination inhibition reactions are generally interpreted by means of »erythrocyte settling patterns«. By a new method of evaluating these patterns a relatively precise quantitative determination is possible. Latex agglutination inhibition reactions on slides are particularly suitable as rapid qualitative tests. In cases where the maximum attainable sensitivity of the agglutination inhibition tests is insufficient, e. g. for determining LH concentrations in urine, the hormone in the test fluid has to be concentrated or extracted. An alternative method is a modified haemagglutination inhibition test for large volumes which is applicable to unconcentrated urine. Due to non-specific inhibitions the above-mentioned tests cannot be applied to unprocessed serum. Agglutination inhibition tests with HCG are already well advanced, pregnancy diagnosis being their main application. Now that highly purified HCG is available, a satisfactory specificity for these tests can be attained. If the immune system for HCG is used for estimating LH, it has to meet additional specificity requirements. Furthermore, the measure of cross-reaction and the choice of standard merit special attention. Finally, a literature survey is given of test systems in which LH and FSH were used as antigens.

Development of a New Method for Determination of the Oil Content from Microalgae Lipid Fraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-674
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Galan ◽  
Ioan Calinescu ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Elena Emilia Oprescu ◽  
Gabriel Vasilievici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
New Method ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Determination ◽  
Tga Analysis

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for rapid quantitative and qualitative determination of the oil from microalgae lipid fraction obtained from Nannochloris sp biomass. The lipid fraction was first refluxed with 4% KOH in MeOH (60, 90, 120 min), followed by reaction with 20% BF3 in MeOH, using different times of reflux (90,120, 150 min) for each time of reflux with 4% KOH in MeOH. The FAME samples were analyzed by GC-MS analysis. 120 min reflux with 4% KOH in MeOH, 90 min with 20% BF3 in MeOH and a ratio lipid fraction: 4% KOH in MeOH: 20% BF3 in MeOH=1:20:27, were required to obtain the higher percent of oil in the microalgae lipid fraction. The relevance of the method developed was proved by TGA analysis and by transesterification of a sunflower oil sample in the same conditions.

METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ERRORS IN MEASURING INSTRUMENTS BY THE SPACE CATALOGUE ORBITS

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
K. V. Sorokin ◽  
E. A. Sunarchina
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Software Complex

Improvement of orbits precision is one of the most important tasks of space surveillance catalogue maintenance. The solution of this problem is directly related to an adequate consideration of the errors of the coordinate information from the measuring instruments. The article consideresd a new method for estimating the precision of measuring instruments on the catalog orbits. To carry out such analysis, in PJSC «VIMPEL» special technological program was created. Main results of a study of radar errors with orbits of space surveillance catalogue was presented. Also, the results were compared with data of measuring instrument's calibration software complex. This software complex provides determination of satellite's position with errors less than 10 m. A new dynamic model of measuring instrument errors is proposed.

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