Analysis of physical property fitting and variation law of associated gas containing light hydrocarbon in CO2 flooding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-wei Zhang ◽  
xiao sun ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Bao Wen ◽  
He Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Property ◽  
Light Hydrocarbon ◽  
Co2 Flooding ◽  
Associated Gas

Carbon Dioxide Flooding Evaluation of High Pour-Point, Paraffinic Red Wash Reservoir Oil

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Frimodig ◽  
Norman A. Reese ◽  
Craig A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Co2 Flooding ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Vapor Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Vapor Liquid

Abstract Engineering methods are being developed to evaluate reservoir fluid systems for Suitability to CO2 flooding. This paper presents our evaluation procedure as applied to laboratory data for a high-pour-point [95 degrees F (35 degrees C)] oil from the Red Wash field in Utah. The data were obtained from phase behavior and slim tube experiments. The results of this work indicate that high pressures are required for a miscible displacement of the highly paraffinic. high-pour-point Red Wash oil. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) was found to be 4,650 psia (32 060 kPa), increasing only 5% to 4,900 psia (33 784 kPa) when the injected CO2 contains a 10 mol% nitrogen contaminant. These pressures are not currently economically obtainable in the Red Wash field. lntroduction The Red Wash field is located in Utah in the northeastern Uinta basin. With a comparatively low ultimate recovery predicted from primary depletion and waterflooding operations, the field is considered an attractive condidate for tertiary recovery methods. The work reported in this paper presents laboratory experiments and calculation techniques used in evaluating reservoir fluids for CO2 flooding. The laboratory work includes constant composition experiments, vapor/liquid equilibrium experiments, liquid-phase viscosity experiments, and slimtube multiple-contact miscibility experiments. Calculation techniques utilized a two-constant equation of state (EOS) to predict phase behavior and fluid properties. One CO2 source available in the area contains approximately 10 mol% nitrogen. To evaluate the effect of nitrogen contamination, experiments were performed with two different gases, one with and one without the nitrogen contaminant. Red Wash Oil/CO, Gas Physical Property Measurements Physical property data for the Red Wash oil/CO2 gas system were obtained from constant composition expansion (CCE), vapor/liquid equilibration (VLE), and liquid-phase viscosity experiments. CCE experiments were conducted to determine the pressure/composition behavior (bubble-point/dew-point envelope) of Red Wash oil and injection gases. VLE experiments measured vapor/liquid equilibrium constants (K values). Liquid-phase viscosities determine to what extent injection gases dissolved in the liquid phase affect the flow behavior of the reservoir oil. All experiments used Red Wash reservoir oil and two different injection gases. The first CO2 gas (Gas 1 ) was approximately 5 mol% methane and 95 mol % CO 2. The second CO2 gas (Gas 2) contained about 10 mol% nitrogen, 5 mol% methane, and 85 mol %, CO2. The exact compositions of Gases 1 and 2 and Red Wash reservoir oil are shown in Table 1. CCE Experiments A high-pressure visual PVT cell was used in the CCE experiments. All experiments were conducted at the reported reservoir temperature of 130 degrees F (54.4 degrees C). During each CCE the visual cell was loaded with measured volumes of Red Wash oil and injection gas. SPEJ P. 587^

Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: New tools for biology

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 778-779
Author(s):  
CE Bracker ◽  
P. K. Hansma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Property ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
New Family ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

A new family of scanning probe microscopes has emerged that is opening new horizons for investigating the fine structure of matter. The earliest and best known of these instruments is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). First published in 1982, the STM earned the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for two of its inventors, G. Binnig and H. Rohrer. They shared the prize with E. Ruska for his work that had led to the development of the transmission electron microscope half a century earlier. It seems appropriate that the award embodied this particular blend of the old and the new because it demonstrated to the world a long overdue respect for the enormous contributions electron microscopy has made to the understanding of matter, and at the same time it signalled the dawn of a new age in microscopy. What we are seeing is a revolution in microscopy and a redefinition of the concept of a microscope.Several kinds of scanning probe microscopes now exist, and the number is increasing. What they share in common is a small probe that is scanned over the surface of a specimen and measures a physical property on a very small scale, at or near the surface. Scanning probes can measure temperature, magnetic fields, tunneling currents, voltage, force, and ion currents, among others.

A photoelectron microscope study of surfaces

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
W. Engel ◽  
M. Kordesch ◽  
A. M. Bradshaw ◽  
E. Zeitler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Mercury Lamp ◽  
Object Surface ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Physical Features

Photoelectron microscopy is as old as electron microscopy itself. Electrons liberated from the object surface by photons are utilized to form an image that is a map of the object's emissivity. This physical property is a function of many parameters, some depending on the physical features of the objects and others on the conditions of the instrument rendering the image.The electron-optical situation is tricky, since the lateral resolution increases with the electric field strength at the object's surface. This, in turn, leads to small distances between the electrodes, restricting the photon flux that should be high for the sake of resolution.The electron-optical development came to fruition in the sixties. Figure 1a shows a typical photoelectron image of a polycrystalline tantalum sample irradiated by the UV light of a high-pressure mercury lamp.

Investigating the Multimodal Nature of Human Communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Paulmann ◽  
Sarah Jessen ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Channel Condition ◽  
Prosodic Cues ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials

The multimodal nature of human communication has been well established. Yet few empirical studies have systematically examined the widely held belief that this form of perception is facilitated in comparison to unimodal or bimodal perception. In the current experiment we first explored the processing of unimodally presented facial expressions. Furthermore, auditory (prosodic and/or lexical-semantic) information was presented together with the visual information to investigate the processing of bimodal (facial and prosodic cues) and multimodal (facial, lexic, and prosodic cues) human communication. Participants engaged in an identity identification task, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were being recorded to examine early processing mechanisms as reflected in the P200 and N300 component. While the former component has repeatedly been linked to physical property stimulus processing, the latter has been linked to more evaluative “meaning-related” processing. A direct relationship between P200 and N300 amplitude and the number of information channels present was found. The multimodal-channel condition elicited the smallest amplitude in the P200 and N300 components, followed by an increased amplitude in each component for the bimodal-channel condition. The largest amplitude was observed for the unimodal condition. These data suggest that multimodal information induces clear facilitation in comparison to unimodal or bimodal information. The advantage of multimodal perception as reflected in the P200 and N300 components may thus reflect one of the mechanisms allowing for fast and accurate information processing in human communication.

Effect of Electrolyte Compositions on the Physical Property and Surface Morphology of Copper Foil

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Gyu Woo ◽  
Il-Song Park ◽  
Woo-Yong Jeon ◽  
Eun-Kwang Park ◽  
Kwang-Hee Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Copper Foil ◽  
Physical Property
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