Impact of solar activity on atmospheric circulation and oceanic surface currents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Molodykh ◽  
Ashkhen A. Karakhanyan ◽  
Kirill K. Kirichenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
Oceanic Surface

scholarly journals Impact of Solar Activity on Global Atmospheric Circulation Based on SD-WACCM-X Simulations from 2002 to 2019

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1526
Author(s):  
Chen-Ke-Min Teng ◽  
Sheng-Yang Gu ◽  
Yusong Qin ◽  
Xiankang Dou
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
High Solar Activity ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Global Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
The Impact

In this study, a global atmospheric model, Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere eXtension (SD-WACCM-X), and the residual circulation principle were used to study the global atmospheric circulation from the lower to upper atmosphere (~500 km) from 2002 to 2019. Our analysis shows that the atmospheric circulation is clearly influenced by solar activity, especially in the upper atmosphere, which is mainly characterized by an enhanced atmospheric circulation in years with high solar activity. The atmospheric circulation in the upper atmosphere also exhibits an ~11 year period, and its variation is highly correlated with the temporal variation in the F10.7 solar index during the same time series, with a maximum correlation coefficient of up to more than 0.9. In the middle and lower atmosphere, the impact of solar activity on the atmospheric circulation is not as obvious as in the upper atmosphere due to some atmospheric activities such as the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), sudden stratospheric warming (SSW), volcanic forcing, and so on. By comparing the atmospheric circulation in different latitudinal regions between years with high and low solar activity, we found the atmospheric circulation in mid- and high-latitude regions is more affected by solar activity than in low-latitude and equatorial regions. In addition, clear seasonal variation in atmospheric circulation was detected in the global atmosphere, excluding the regions near 10−4 hPa and the lower atmosphere, which is mainly characterized by a flow from the summer hemisphere to the winter hemisphere. In the middle and low atmosphere, the atmospheric circulation shows a quasi-biennial oscillatory variation in the low-latitude and equatorial regions. This work provides a referable study of global atmospheric circulation and demonstrates the impacts of solar activity on global atmospheric circulation.

Plankton Biodiversity and Biogeography

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Beaugrand
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
Marine Plankton ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Oceanic Surface ◽  
Plankton Distribution ◽  
Warm Temperate

This chapter discusses the biodiversity and main biogeographic patterns of marine plankton, the causes of such patterns, as well as factors that influence spatial and temporal plankton distribution. Plankton are influenced by a large number of environmental factors and as a result are not distributed randomly in the oceans and seas. Plankton biodiversity is constrained by hydroclimatic parameters such as temperature, bathymetry, and oceanic surface currents or large-scale hydrodynamic features such as the subarctic gyre. Plankton also follow most of the main divisions of the pelagic realm. The marine ecosphere can be divided into three main ecomes: (1) cold regions (Arctic and Antarctic), (2) cold-temperate regions, and (3) warm-temperate regions.

scholarly journals Solar modulation of flood frequency in central Europe during spring and summer on interannual to multi-centennial timescales

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Czymzik ◽  
Raimund Muscheler ◽  
Achim Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

Abstract. Solar influences on climate variability are one of the most controversially discussed topics in climate research. We analyze solar forcing of flood frequency in central Europe during spring and summer on interannual to multi-centennial timescales, integrating daily discharge data of the River Ammer (southern Germany) back to AD 1926 (∼  solar cycles 16–23) and the 5500-year flood layer record from varved sediments of the downstream Ammersee. Flood frequency in the River Ammer discharge record is significantly correlated to changes in solar activity when the flood record lags the solar signal by 2–3 years (2-year lag: r = −0.375, p = 0.01; 3-year lag: r = −0.371, p = 0.03). Flood layer frequency in the Ammersee sediment record depicts distinct multi-decadal variations and significant correlations to a total solar irradiance reconstruction (r = −0.4, p <  0.0001) and 14C production rates (r = 0.37, p <  0.0001), reflecting changes in solar activity. On all timescales, flood frequency is higher when solar activity is reduced. In addition, the configuration of atmospheric circulation associated with periods of increased River Ammer flood frequency broadly resembles that during intervals of reduced solar activity, as expected to be induced by the so-called solar top-down mechanism by model studies. Both atmospheric patterns are characterized by an increase in meridional airflow associated with enhanced atmospheric blocking over central Europe. Therefore, the significant correlations as well as similar atmospheric circulation patterns might provide empirical support for a solar influence on hydroclimate extremes in central Europe during spring and summer by the so-called solar top-down mechanism.

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