An EUV photomask cleaning solution for the removal of tin contaminate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pen-Nan Liao ◽  
Bryan Barton
Keyword(s):  
Cleaning Solution

High Resolution Stereography of Complementary Freeze-Fracture Replicas Reveals the Presence of Depressions Opposite Membrane Associated Particles of Split Membranes

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 442-443
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Acid Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Solution

Complementary replicas have revealed the fact that the two common faces observed in electron micrographs of freeze-fracture and freeze-etch specimens are complementary to each other and are thus the new faces of a split membrane rather than the original inner and outer surfaces (1, 2 and personal observations). The big question raised by published electron micrographs is why do we not see depressions in the complementary face opposite membrane-associated particles? Reports have appeared indicating that some depressions do appear but complementarity on such a fine scale has yet to be shown.Dog cardiac muscle was perfused with glutaraldehyde, washed in distilled water, then transferred to 30% glycerol (material furnished by Dr. Joaquim Sommer, Duke Univ., and VA Hospital, Durham, N.C.). Small strips were freeze-fractured in a Denton Vacuum DFE-2 Freeze-Etch Unit with complementary replica tooling. Replicas were cleaned in chromic acid cleaning solution, then washed in 4 changes of distilled water and mounted on opposite sides of the center wire of a Formvar-coated grid.

Mechanism of PVA Brush Loading with Ceria Particles during Post-CMP Cleaning Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
Samrina Sahir ◽  
Hwi Won Cho ◽  
Nagendra Prasad Yerriboina ◽  
Tae Gon Kim ◽  
Satomi Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Attraction ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Particle Loading ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Cleaning Solution ◽  
Oppositely Charged ◽  
Process Interaction

Brush scrubbing is a well-known post CMP cleaning process. Interaction between PVA brush and the particles removed during the process must be considered while designing a cleaning process. In this work, the effect of cleaning solution pH was investigated in terms of particle removal from the wafer and subsequent loading to the PVA brush nodule. Higher cleaning of particles from wafer was observed for pH 2 and 12 cleaning solutions and poor cleaning for pH 7 cleaning solution. In contrast, the brushes were loaded heavily for pH 7 compared to pH 2 and 12. Higher electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged PVA and ceria surfaces provided higher ceria particles loading to PVA brush in acidic and neutral cleaning solutions. This particle loading to PVA brush can further effect cleaning efficiency as well as cross-contamination.

Cleaning Solution

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-330
Author(s):  
John J. Bardeleben
Keyword(s):  
Cleaning Solution

scholarly journals Встановлення чинників , які впливають на процес промивання молокопроводу

2015 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
А. П. Палій
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Processing Operation ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Solution Formation ◽  
Cleaning Solution

Забезпечення високоякісного промивання доїльно-молочного обладнання поряд із застосуванням висо-коефективних технологій та технічних засобів є ви-рішальним чинником в отриманні молока найвищої якості. Встановлено, що існує три основні способи формування пробок миючого розчину в молокопрово-ді, механізми утворення яких залежать від конструк-ції автомата промивки й вибраної програми здійс-нення зазначеної технологічної операції. Отримані результати є передумовою вдосконалення системи контролю параметрів процесу доїння великої рогатої худоби та промивки доїльно-молочного обладнання. High-quality washing milking equipment along with the use of highly efficient technologies and equipment is a critical factor in obtaining of high quality milk. It has been established that there are three basic methods of forming plugs in a milk cleaning solution, formation mechanisms which depend on the design of the washing machine and the program for the implementation of selected processing operation. The results are a prerequisite of improving the system of control the parameters of milking cattle and washing milking equipment.

scholarly journals Post-consumer PET Bottle Recycling: Chemical Dose Optimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Md. Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Md Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Nonrenewable Resources ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Cleaning Solution ◽  
Colorimetric Study ◽  
Contaminants Removal ◽  
Optimum Chemical

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are being used in our daily life and consequently go to the landfills after their use. Additionally, virgin PET resins are produced from nonrenewable resources, such as fossil fuels, whose reserves are depleting continuously. Therefore, to maintain ecological and environmental balances as well as for sustainable development, post-consumer PET (pcrPET) bottles should be recycled. Among many recycling processes, mechanical recycling of pcrPET is attractive due to lower cost involvement. One of the most crucial and important processes of mechanical recycling is hot washing for contaminants removal. Hot washing uses a cleaning solution made of caustic soda (NaOH) and detergent at elevated temperature. In this paper, caustic soda and FORYL LFO (FLO) detergent doses were changed gradually to investigate effective contaminants removal through colorimetric study. Finally, concentration vs. absorbance graphs from colorimetric study suggests that 2% NaOH and 2% FLO detergent is the optimum chemical dose at hot washing for pcrPET recycling.

Cleaning solution for metallographic mounts

Metallography ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-183
Author(s):  
John F. Turner ◽  
Denis L. Rivenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Cleaning Solution

Investigation of an outbreak of bloody diarrhea: Association with endoscopic cleaning solution and demonstration of lesions in an animal model

1992 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Durante ◽  
Joseph C. Zulty ◽  
Ebenezer Israel ◽  
Patricia J. Powers ◽  
Robert G. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Bloody Diarrhea ◽  
Cleaning Solution

Uses of ultrasonic cleaners in paleontological laboratories

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pojeta ◽  
Marija Balanc
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Ultrasonic Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Solution ◽  
Rubber Cloth ◽  
Human Hearing

Ultrasonic cleaning is a fast and usually safe method for cleaning many hard objects that are not glued together, and it is thus useful in paleontological laboratories. It is relatively ineffective for cleaning soft materials such as rubber, cloth, and fibers. Ultrasonic cleaning machines use sound waves, or mechanical vibrations, that are above the human hearing range, and operate at frequences up to 55,000 cycles per second. The sound waves are generated by a transducer (Figure 1), which changes high frequency electrical energy to mechanical energy. This mechanical energy, or vibration, is then coupled into the liquid in the cleaning tank. The vibrations cause alternating high and low pressure waves in the liquid. This action forms millions of microscopic bubbles, which expand during low pressure waves and form small cavities. During the high pressure waves, these cavities collapse, or implode, creating a mechanical scrubbinglike action, which loosens dirt on all surfaces in contact with the cleaning solution. This action can take place up to 55,000 times a second, making it seem as though the dirt is being blasted from the surface and cavities of the object being cleaned. Ultrasonic cleaning is effective wherever capillary action will take the solution. Complete cleaning usually requires from 30 seconds to two minutes (Anonymous, 1983).

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