Excimer laser ceramic and metal surface alloying applications

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias I. Hontzopoulos ◽  
A. Zervaki ◽  
G. Zergioti ◽  
G. Hourdakis ◽  
E. Raptakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Laser Ceramic

Excimer laser surface alloying of titanium with nickel and palladium for increased corrosion resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1251-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Blanco-Pinzon ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
K. Voisey ◽  
F.A. Bonilla ◽  
P. Skeldon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Laser Surface Alloying

Metal Surface Treatment and Reduction in Pitting Corrosion of 304L Stainless Steel by Excimer Laser

1990 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Bransden ◽  
J.H.P.C. Megaw ◽  
P.H. Balkwill ◽  
C. Westcott
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
304L Stainless Steel

Aluminum surface alloying with mixed excimer laser and CO2 laser beams

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Liu ◽  
Heinz Woellmer ◽  
Kenneth G. Watkins ◽  
William M. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Aluminum Surface ◽  
Surface Alloying

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Microstructures of Laser Processed Fe-Cr Surface Alloys

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
P. A. Molian ◽  
K. H. Khan ◽  
W. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Pure Iron ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Constitution Diagram ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Laser Surface Alloying ◽  
Spot Diameter

In recent years, the effects of chromium on the transformation characteristics of pure iron and the structures produced thereby have been extensively studied as a function of cooling rate. In this paper, we present TEM observations made on specimens of Fe-10% Cr and Fe-20% Cr alloys produced through laser surface alloying process with an estimated cooling rate of 8.8 x 104°C/sec. These two chromium levels were selected in order to study their phase transformation characteristics which are dissimilar in the two cases as predicted by the constitution diagram. Pure iron (C<0.01%, Si<0.01%, Mn<0.01%, S=0.003%, P=0.008%) was electrodeposited with chromium to the thicknesses of 40 and 70μm and then vacuum degassed at 400°F to remove the hydrogen formed during electroplating. Laser surface alloying of chromium into the iron substrate was then performed employing a continuous wave CO2 laser operated at an incident power of 1200 watts. The laser beam, defocussed to a spot diameter of 0.25mm, scanned the material surface at a rate of 30mm/sec, (70 ipm).

Rapid Freezing of Freeze-Etch Specimens

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 752-755
Author(s):  
A. Elgsaeter ◽  
T. Espevik ◽  
G. Kopstad
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Freeze Etching

The importance of a high rate of temperature decrease (“rapid freezing”) when freezing specimens for freeze-etching has long been recognized1. The two basic methods for achieving rapid freezing are: 1) dropping the specimen onto a metal surface at low temperature, 2) bringing the specimen instantaneously into thermal contact with a liquid at low temperature and subsequently maintaining a high relative velocity between the liquid and the specimen. Over the last couple of years the first method has received strong renewed interest, particularily as the result of a series of important studies by Heuser and coworkers 2,3. In this paper we will compare these two freezing methods theoretically and experimentally.

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