A design methodology for broadband x-ray mirror coatings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Schattenburg
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
X Ray

Dependence of hydrogen embrittlement on annealing time in medium-Mn steels

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanping Xu ◽  
Jinxu Li ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Hao Fu ◽  
Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Martensite Transformation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Warm Rolling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Samples

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the soft annealing time on the microstructure and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of Fe-0.22C-11.54Mn-2.05Al steels. Design/methodology/approach Steels A and B with different morphologies were prepared by cold rolling after warm rolling, long/short softening annealing and finally annealing at 700 °C for 30 min. Uncharged and charged samples were subjected to tensile, and HE behavior was studied by electron backscattered diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Findings The two samples exhibited similar tensile strengths. The homogeneous equiaxed microstructure of steel B was found to be more conducive to relieve its HE sensitivity. Steel A exhibited bimodal-grained microstructures – blocky and lath. The formation of crack in the blocky grains of steel A resulted in a significant reduction in its plasticity and tensile strength. Originality/value The high HE susceptibility of steel A is mainly connected with the inhomogeneity of martensite transformation.

Corrosion inhibition of N80 steel in 10% HCl + 8% HBF4solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Juan Du ◽  
Yuning He ◽  
Pingli Liu ◽  
Yigang Liu ◽  
Xianghai Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
N80 Steel ◽  
Corrosion Reaction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the corrosion and corrosion inhibition of N80 in 10 per cent HCl + 8 per cent fluoroboric acid (HBF4) solution for acidizing operation.Design/methodology/approachThe corrosion rate, kinetic parameters (Ea, A) and thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS) of N80 steel in fresh acid and spent acid, 10 per cent HCl + 8 per cent HBF4, 10 per cent HCl and 8 per cent HBF4solutions were calculated through immersion tests. The corrosion and inhibition properties were studied through X-ray diffraction and electrochemical measurements. The corrosion morphology of the corrosion product was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).FindingsThe results demonstrated that the spent acid was the main cause of acidification corrosion, and the HBF4would cause serious corrosion to N80 steel. The results showed that the N80 steel was more seriously corroded in the spent acid than in fresh acid, and the hydrolysis of HBF4accelerates the dissolution process of N80 steel anode to control the corrosion reaction. The results showed that the acidification will definitely cause serious corrosion to the oil tube; therefore, necessary anti-corrosion measures must be taken in the acidification process.Originality/valueThe results showed that acidizing the formation with 10 per cent HCl + 8 per cent HBF4will definitely cause serious corrosion to the oil tube, especially when the spent acid flows back. Therefore, necessary anti-corrosion measures must be taken in the acidification process, especially in the spent acid flowback stage.

Influence of firing profile on microstructural and dielectric properties of LTCC substrates

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Pietrikova ◽  
Tibor Rovensky ◽  
Juraj Durisin ◽  
Igor Vehec ◽  
Ondrej Kovac
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Dielectric Losses ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Alpha Radiation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of various firing profiles on microstructural and dielectric properties of low-temperature, co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates in a GHz frequency range. According these analyses, sintering process can be controlled and modified to achieve better performance of devices fabricated from LTCC substrates. Design/methodology/approach Samples from LTCC substrates GreenTape 951 and GreenTape 9K7 were sintered by four firing profiles. Basic firing profile recommended by the manufacturer was modified by increasing the peak temperature or the dwell time at the peak temperature. The influence of firing profile on microstructural properties was analysed according to measurements by X-ray diffractometer (application of the Cu K-alpha radiation and the Bragg-Brentano method), and the influence on dielectric properties (dielectric constant and dielectric losses) was analysed according to measurements by split cylinder resonator method at 9.7 and 12.5 GHz. Findings Rising of the peak temperature or extension of dwell time at this temperature has influence on all analysed properties of LTCC substrates. Size of crystallites can be changed by modification of firing profile as well as microdeformation. In addition, dielectric properties can be changed too by modification of the firing profile. Correlation between microdeformation and dielectric losses was observed. Originality/value The novelty of this work lies in finding the mutual relationship between changes in microstructural (size of grains and microdeformation) and dielectric properties (dielectric constant and dielectric losses) caused by different firing profiles.

Synergistic effect of chloride and NO2 on the atmospheric corrosion of bronze

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Cao ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Ning Liu
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Corrosion Kinetics ◽  
Tension Tests

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of chloride along with NO2 on the atmospheric corrosion of bronze using exposure tests.Design/methodology/approachSurface tension tests and electrochemical impedance measurements together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive atomic X‐ray, and X‐ray diffraction are used to characterize the corrosion behavior.FindingsThe results of the weight loss measurements show that the whole corrosion kinetics can be described approximately by: ΔW=atb; the synergistic effect of chloride and NO2 is observed clearly, though no nitrate existed in the corrosion products.Originality/valueA new catalyst theory has been suggested in this paper, i.e. that NO2 acts as a catalyst during the corrosion process when significant quantities of chloride also are present.

The preparation and properties of multifunctional coating of aluminum alloy for medical external application

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-337
Author(s):  
Shu-Hao Deng ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
Mao Wang ◽  
Jiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
External Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photochemical Decomposition ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Better Than

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve anti-corrosion, self-cleaning, hydrophily and sterilization properties of aluminum (Al) alloy. Design/methodology/approach – A multifunctional coating for medical external application on Al alloy had been prepared by anodic oxidation, electrolytic coloring silver (Ag) and sealed in boiling water with nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles. The multifunctional coating was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Other properties such as corrosion-resistance, wipe-resistance, hydrophilicity, photochemical decomposition and bactericidal antiseptic effect were also investigated. Findings – The results demonstrate that a golden film with multi-function had been obtained for medical external application. The main phase of coating is amorphous Al2O3, and nano-sized silver particle is electrodeposited in bottom of film hole, while nano-sized TiO2 is sealed on the external surface of coating. The properties of film, such as anti-corrosion, self-cleaning, hydrophily, sterilization are better than those of Al alloy substrate. Originality/value – Considering about this usage for medical external application, a multifunctional coating which has the properties such as decoration, anti-corrosion, sterilize and self-cleaning has been first prepared on Al alloy surface in the study. This coating would meet the requirements of medical external using and provide theoretical and practical foundation about Al alloy for medical use.

Characterization of pharaonic cartonnage from a late period, Saqqara excavations

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Hala A.M. Afifi ◽  
Heba Sayed Galal ◽  
Rushdya Rabee Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Late Period ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ancient Egyptian

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the pigments, mediums and ground layer used during the late era of ancient Egyptian civilization through the analysis of mummy Cartonnage based on the use of multiple analysis, such as electron microscopy, X-rays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed some fragments from a painted cartonnage of a mummy date back to the late period. Light microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR analysis and investigation of the surface morphology by SEM were used to identify the chemical and anatomical structure of cartonnage. Findings The results clearly showed use of copper and extracted gold from the veins of the quartz to get the golden pigment, but it is full of voids which were a major cause of the degradation. Originality/value The study is the first of its kind on the components of this cartonnage in Saqqara stores.

Effect of the bionic morphologies on bio-tribological properties of surface-modified layers on Ti6Al4V with Ni+/N+ implantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Implantation Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tribological Tests ◽  
Surface Modified

Purpose The main purpose of this study is to enhance bio-tribological properties of Ti6Al4V and the surface-modified layers of Ni+/N+-implanted Ti6Al4V alloy, bionic texturing was done on Ti6Al4V surface. Design/methodology/approach The phase compositions and nano-hardness of the surface-modified layers of the samples have been analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and Nano Indenter, respectively. This paper has conducted bio-tribological tests under artificial saliva, sodium hyalurate and sodium hyalurate +γ-globulin by micro tribology multifunction tribometer, with ZrO2 ball/modified layer as the friction pair. S-3000N scanning electron microscope has been used to analyze the morphology of the surface-modified layers and scratches of the ones after the bio-tribological tests. Findings The results show that the surface-modified layers were mainly composed of Ti2Ni and Ti2N. Moreover, bionic texturing can obviously increase the contents of Ti2Ni and Ti2N that were formed on the surface of Ni+/N+-implanted Ti6Al4V alloy, and enhance the nano-hardness of the surface-modified layers. It could also reduce the friction coefficients of the surface-modified layers, and render the modified layers more wear-resistant. Originality/value The surface bio-tribological properties of Ti6Al4V have been enhanced by ion implantation technique and bionic texturing in this paper; this provided a new method for the research of related fields.

Structural, electrochemical and mechanical studies of ultrasonic irradiation enhanced electroplating Ni coating

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaolei Ban ◽  
Shuqin Zhu ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Fangreng Wang ◽  
Zhengfeng Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical Studies

Purpose Ni coating was electroplated on carbon steel substrate to protect carbon steel. Design/methodology/approach During electroplating, the ultrasonic irradiation (UI) (1 kHz) action was in situ used with different frequency. The influence of UI on the microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical performance of the coating was studied with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness measurement, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Findings The results show that comparing that without UI imposition, UI during electroplating can refine the coating grain and decrease the micro-pores in the coating, resulting in improvement of the coating corrosion and hardness. Originality/value The imposition of UI action during electroplating Ni coating can remove intrinsic pores in the coating and compact the coating. The potential bimetallic cell between substrate and plating layer can be insulated to enhance the corrosion resistance of Ni coating. The imposition of UI action during electroplating Ni coating can refine Ni coating grain size and improve the coating haredness.

Internet of things in libraries and focus on its adoption in developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Osahon Igbinovia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray

Purpose The purpose of this study is to x-ray the issues surrounding the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) in libraries from the perspective of developing countries. Design/methodology/approach This study theoretically reviewed the adoption of IoT in libraries in developing countries. Findings This study revealed context-based factors such as technological, organizational, environmental and security/privacy factors as determinants of IoT adoption in libraries of developing countries. Originality/value The value of this study arises from the need to study the adoption of technological innovation such as the IotT from the lens of developing countries and proffer solution to its associated challenges.

Sensors now looking for leaks, contaminates and damage, and not just counting or weighing packages

Sensor Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bloss
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Magnetic Sensing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Detection ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the most recent innovations in sensor technology for better quality in packaging. Checking for container seals, damaged product, contaminates as well as tracking product to meet government requirements. Design/methodology/approach – In-depth interviews with both the exhibitors and integrators of sensors at the recent PackExpo show. Findings – Sensor technology continues to address an ever increasing number of packaging applications including quality, safety, product tracking, correct labeling as well as counting, weighing and other more traditional applications. Practical implications – Sensor technology advances with greater use of X-ray, magnetic detection and remote chemical monitoring that are addressing an ever increasing number of packaging applications including quality, safety as well as counting, weighing and other more traditional applications. Originality/value – Customers will learn about the latest in X-ray, magnetic sensing and the application of vision, weighing and counting technologies for improved products as they pass through the packaging phase of production.

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