Holographic fingerprint as a morphological marker to identify micro-plastics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Bianco ◽  
Pasquale Memmolo ◽  
Daniele Pirone ◽  
Pierluigi Carcagnì ◽  
Francesco Merola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Marker

scholarly journals The Purple Leaf (pl6) Mutation Regulates Leaf Color by Altering the Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll Contents in Rice

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Asadullah Khan ◽  
Sanaullah Jalil ◽  
Huan Cao ◽  
Yohannes Tsago ◽  
Mustapha Sunusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Purple Coloration

The anthocyanin biosynthesis attracts strong interest due to the potential antioxidant value and as an important morphological marker. However, the underlying mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in plant tissues is not clearly understood. Here, a rice mutant with a purple color in the leaf blade, named pl6, was developed from wild type (WT), Zhenong 41, with gamma ray treatment. By map-based cloning, the OsPL6 gene was located on the short arm of chromosome 6. The multiple mutations, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at −702, −598, −450, an insertion at −119 in the promoter, three SNPs and one 6-bp deletion in the 5′-UTR region, were identified, which could upregulate the expression of OsPL6 to accumulate anthocyanin. Subsequently, the transcript level of structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, including OsCHS, OsPAL, OsF3H and OsF3′H, was elevated significantly. Histological analysis revealed that the light attenuation feature of anthocyanin has degraded the grana and stroma thylakoids, which resulted in poor photosynthetic efficiency of purple leaves. Despite this, the photoabatement and antioxidative activity of anthocyanin have better equipped the pl6 mutant to minimize the oxidative damage. Moreover, the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokanin (CK) were elevated along with anthocyanin accumulation in the pl6 mutant. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that activation of OsPL6 could be responsible for the purple coloration in leaves by accumulating excessive anthocyanin and further reveal that anthocyanin acts as a strong antioxidant to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus play an important role in tissue maintenance.

scholarly journals Chromatid and chromosome type breakage-fusion-bridge cycles in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 1069-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Lukaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Type ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Bfb Cycle ◽  
Tandem Duplications

Abstract During the development of disomic additions of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), two reverse tandem duplications on wheat chromosomes 3D and 4A were isolated. By virtue of their meiotic pairing, the reverse tandem duplications initiated the chromatid type of the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle. This BFB cycle continued through pollen mitoses and in the early endosperm divisions, but no clear evidence of its presence in embryo mitoses was found. The chromosome type of BFB cycle was initiated by fusion of two broken chromosome ends resulting in a dicentric or a ring chromosome. Chromosome type BFB cycles were detected in embryo mitoses and in root tips, but they did not persist until the next meiosis and were not transmitted to the progeny. Active BFB cycles induced breakage of other wheat chromosomes that resulted in additional reverse tandem duplications and dicentric and ring chromosomes. Four loci, on chromosome arms 2BS, 3DS, 4AL, and most likely on 7DL, were particularly susceptible to breakage. The BFB cycles produced high frequency of variegation for pigmentation of the aleurone layer of kernels and somatic chimeras for a morphological marker. With the exception of low mutation rate, the observed phenomena are consistent with the activity of a Ds-like element. However, it is not clear whether such an element, if indeed present, was of wheat or rye origin.

Distribution of proazulenes in Achillea millefolium s.l. wild populations in relation to phytosociological dependence and morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Radušiene ◽  
Odeta Gudaityte
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Node Number

Millefolii herba is one of the oldest and most important drugs in Lithuania, used both in folk and official medicine. The raw material is usually gathered from spontaneous populations. It would be reasonable to develop methods to identify the populations which produce high plant biomass and accumulate high levels of proazulenes. The quantitative variation of proazulenes and their relationships with phytosociological dependence and morphological characters of Achillea millefolium from wild populations has been examined. The vegetation records were made at 140 growing sites of A. millefolium. The species was found in 29 types of community representing different growing habitats. The resources of milfoils prevailed in dry grasslands of Arrhenatheretalia communities and ruderal habitats of Dauco-Meliliotion. The data on productivity and morphological characters were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that higher productivity of A. millefolium populations was associated with their dependence on ruderal and segetal communities. The testing of A. millefolium plants revealed high variation for proazulenes in different communities. The proazulene-containing plants have been identified in 38% of all analysed cases. In the highest segetal and wasteland communities of Agropyretalia repentis, Sisybietalia, Digitario-Setarion, Aperion spicae-venti, Senecion fluviatilis only proazulene-free plants were found. Results of the ANOVA showed the proazulene-containing and proazulene-free plants significantly differed (P<0.05) for width of leaves and number of nodes. The presence of nodes in high number and narrow leaves in high proazulene-containing plants distinctly marked them from the proazulene-free plants. The study raised the possibility that selection based on the two morphological marker traits (node number and leaf width) and proazulene distribution in the populations would be effective for rapid identification of highly productive population(s) of pharmaceutical importance.

Muscle gene activation in Xenopus requires intercellular communication during gastrula as well as blastula stages

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Gurdon ◽  
K. Kao ◽  
K. Kato ◽  
N. D. Hopwood
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Muscle Gene ◽  
Early Gastrula

In Xenopus an early morphological marker of mesodermal induction is the elongation of the mesoderm at the early gastrula stage (Symes and Smith, 1987). We show here that the elongation of equatorial (marginal) tissue is dependent on protein synthesis in a mid blastula, but has become independent of it by the late blastula stage. In animal caps induced to become mesoderm, the time when protein synthesis is required for subsequent elongation immediately follows the time of induction, and is not related to developmental stage. For elongation, intercellular communication during the blastula stage is of primary importance. Current experiments involving cell transplantation indicate a need for further celhcell interactions during gastrulation, and therefore after the vegetal-animal induction during blastula stages. These secondary cell interactions are believed to take place among cells that have already received a vegetal induction, and may facilitate some of the later intracellular events known to accompany muscle gene activation.

Wing morphometry as a tool for correct identification of primary and secondary New World screwworm fly

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Lyra ◽  
L.M. Hatadani ◽  
A.M.L. de Azeredo-Espin ◽  
L.B. Klaczko
Keyword(s):  
Population Variation ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Cochliomyia Macellaria ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Shape Data

AbstractCochliomyia hominivoraxandCochliomyia macellariaare endemic Neotropical Calliphoridae species. The former causes severe myiasis in hosts while the latter is Sarcosaprophagous, but commonly found as a second invader in wounds. Due to the morphological similarity between them and the potential losses thatC. hominivoraxrepresents for cattle breeders, the rapid and correct identification of these two species is very important. In addition to a correct identification of these species, a good knowledge ofC. hominivoraxbiology can be helpful for designing control programs. We applied geometric morphometric methods to assess wing differences betweenC. hominivoraxandC. macellariaand conduct a preliminary analysis of wing morphological variation inC. hominivoraxpopulations. Canonical variate analysis, using wing shape data, correctly classified 100% of the individuals analyzed according to sex and species. This result demonstrates that wing morphometry is a simple and reliable method for identifyingC. hominivoraxandC. macellariasamples and can be used to monitorC. hominivorax. Both species show sexual dimorphism, but inC. hominivoraxit is magnified. We suggest that this may reflect different histories of selection pressures operating on males and females. Significant differences in wing size and shape were obtained amongC. hominivoraxpopulations, with little correlation with latitude. This result suggests that wing variation is also a good morphological marker for studying population variation inC. hominivorax.

Development of the Drosophila tracheal system occurs by a series of morphologically distinct but genetically coupled branching events

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Samakovlis ◽  
N. Hacohen ◽  
G. Manning ◽  
D.C. Sutherland ◽  
K. Guillemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tube Formation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Fgf Receptor ◽  
Restricted Domains ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Ets Domain

The tracheal (respiratory) system of Drosophila melanogaster is a branched network of epithelial tubes that ramifies throughout the body and transports oxygen to the tissues. It forms by a series of sequential branching events in each hemisegment from T2 to A8. Here we present a cellular and initial genetic analysis of the branching process. We show that although branching is sequential it is not iterative. The three levels of branching that we distinguish involve different cellular mechanisms of tube formation. Primary branches are multicellular tubes that arise by cell migration and intercalation; secondary branches are unicellular tubes formed by individual tracheal cells; terminal branches are subcellular tubes formed within long cytoplasmic extensions. Each level of branching is accompanied by expression of a different set of enhancer trap markers. These sets of markers are sequentially activated in progressively restricted domains and ultimately individual tracheal cells that are actively forming new branches. A clonal analysis demonstrates that branching fates are not assigned to tracheal cells until after cell division ceases and branching begins. We further show that the breathless FGF receptor, a tracheal gene required for primary branching, is also required to activate expression of markers involved in secondary branching and that the pointed ETS-domain transcription factor is required for secondary branching and also to activate expression of terminal branch markers. The combined morphological, marker expression and genetic data support a model in which successive branching events are mechanistically and genetically distinct but coupled through the action of a tracheal gene regulatory hierarchy.

Vesicular acetylcholine transporter can be a morphological marker for the reinnervation to muscle of regenerating motor axons

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuyo Maeda ◽  
Norihiro Ohba ◽  
Saya Nakagomi ◽  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Sumiko Kiryu-Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
Morphological Marker

scholarly journals A Novel Morphological Marker for the Analysis of Molecular Activities at the Single-cell Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Imanishi ◽  
Tomokazu Murata ◽  
Masaya Sato ◽  
Kazuhiro Hotta ◽  
Itaru Imayoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Morphological Marker

Is Immediate Radical Cystectomy Necessary for All Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Micropapillary Bladder Cancer?

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Jackson ◽  
Aza Mohammed ◽  
Nick Mayer ◽  
John Dormer ◽  
T.R. Leyshon Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Node Involvement ◽  
Resection Specimen ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Introduction: We aim to review the outcomes of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MPUC) of the bladder from a single institution. The hypothesis is that non-muscle-invasive (NMI) MPUC may have a heterogeneous prognosis, and detailed pathological analysis may identify patients that could be managed without immediate cystectomy. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients presenting with MPUC in a primary transurethral resection specimen (n = 40). The pattern of micropapillary (MP) differentiation [surface/non-invasive (sMP) or invasive (iMP)], extent of MP differentiation and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were correlated with overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival and upstaging at re-resection. Results: Sixteen of 40 patients died after a median follow-up of 37 months. Tumour stage was strongly predictive of OS (p < 0.0001). LVI was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 12.4, 95% CI: 3.5-44.5, p = 0.0001), higher pathological stage (p = 0.001), lymph node involvement (p = 0.001) and iMP differentiation (p = 0.006). In NMI patients not undergoing cystectomy (n = 17), NMI-sMP compared with NMI-iMP differentiation was associated with an improved OS when compared with iMP (63 vs. 47 months, p = 0.05). Conclusions: MPUC is an aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Similar to conventional UC, LVI associated with MPUC is an adverse prognostic indicator. iMP is a morphological marker for LVI. Histopathological reports should distinguish between sMP and iMP differentiation.

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