Multipolar origin of electromagnetic transverse force resulting from TE/TM waves interference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Kiselev ◽  
Karim Achouri ◽  
Olivier J. F. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Force

ROBUSTNESS, STABILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF PHAGE λ GENETIC SWITCH: DYNAMICAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

2004 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 785-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-M. ZHU ◽  
L. YIN ◽  
L. HOOD ◽  
P. AO
Keyword(s):  
Saddle Points ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Transverse Force ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Exponential Dependence ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Dynamical Structure ◽  
Stochastic Fluctuation ◽  
Stochastic Motion ◽  
Genetic Switch

Based on the dynamical structure theory for complex networks recently developed by one of us and on the physical-chemical models for gene regulation, developed by Shea and Ackers in the 1980's, we formulate a direct and concise mathematical framework for the genetic switch controlling phage λ life cycles, which naturally includes the stochastic effect. The dynamical structure theory states that the dynamics of a complex network is determined by its four elementary components: The dissipation (analogous to degradation), the stochastic force, the driving force determined by a potential, and the transverse force. The potential may be interpreted as a landscape for the phage development in terms of attractive basins, saddle points, peaks and valleys. The dissipation gives rise to the adaptivity of the phage in the landscape defined by the potential: The phage always has the tendency to approach the bottom of the nearby attractive basin. The transverse force tends to keep the network on the equal-potential contour of the landscape. The stochastic fluctuation gives the phage the ability to search around the potential landscape by passing through saddle points.With molecular parameters in our model fixed primarily by the experimental data on wild-type phage and supplemented by data on one mutant, our calculated results on mutants agree quantitatively with the available experimental observations on other mutants for protein number, lysogenization frequency, and a lysis frequency in lysogen culture. The calculation reproduces the observed robustness of the phage λ genetic switch. This is the first mathematical description that successfully represents such a wide variety of major experimental phenomena. Specifically, we find: (1) The explanation for both the stability and the efficiency of phage λ genetic switch is the exponential dependence of saddle point crossing rate on potential barrier height, a result of the stochastic motion in a landscape; and (2) The positive feedback of cI repressor gene transcription, enhanced by the CI dimer cooperative binding, is the key to the robustness of the phage λ genetic switch against mutations and fluctuations in kinetic parameter values.

scholarly journals Distributed transverse-force sensing along a single-mode fiber using polarization-analyzing OFDR: erratum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Steve Yao ◽  
Ting Feng ◽  
Junnan Zhou ◽  
Yanling Shang ◽  
Xiaojun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Transverse Force ◽  
Force Sensing

scholarly journals Mechanical Characteristics of Fully Grouted and Antiseismic Bolts considering Transverse Deformation in Underground Caverns

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Buyun Yang ◽  
Ming Xiao ◽  
Guoqing Liu ◽  
Juntao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Axial Stress ◽  
Time History ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Support Effect ◽  
Transverse Force ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Axial Deformation ◽  
Transverse Deformation ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Underground Caverns

The load transfer control equations under bolt-surrounding rock interaction are established on the basis of classical beam theory and the trilinear shear slip model. The axial stress and transverse shear force distributions of the anchorage body are obtained by solving the equations. The equivalent forces obtained by the transverse force and axial shear stress of the bolts are applied to rock mass elements to simulate the support effect. A new dynamic algorithm for bolts is proposed in considering of the axial and transverse deformation of the anchorage body. The rationality of the algorithm is verified by comparing with laboratory pullout and shear tests of bolts. A dynamic time-history case study of underground caverns is conducted using this algorithm. Results indicate that (1) the algorithm may reflect the stress and deformation characteristics of bolts during an earthquake; (2) for the antiseismic support effect of the surrounding rock at fault, the bolt algorithm in this study is more valid than the algorithm that considered only the axial deformation of bolts; (3) in the support force of the bolt to the surrounding rock, transverse force is the key to limit fault dislocation and reduce the dynamic damage of the rock at fault.

scholarly journals Study of fiber Bragg grating characteristics under local transverse force

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 7737
Author(s):  
Cai Lu-Lu ◽  
Yin Wen-Wen ◽  
Wu Fei
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Transverse Force ◽  
Bragg Grating

Theory Analysis of FBG Characteristics under 3D Homogeneous Stress Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Zhao Xia Wu ◽  
Hui Fang Zhang ◽  
Jun Wei Wang ◽  
Li Fu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transverse Force ◽  
Reflection Spectra ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Center Wavelength ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Wavelength Sensitivity ◽  
Homogeneous Stress ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sensing Characteristics

FBG sensing characteristics and model under three-dimensional stress are studyed in this paper. Theory analysis indicates that the reflection spectra of FBG is gradually splitted into two resonance peaks with the increase of the load and the two resonance peaks have a linear relation to the load. The difference of the wavelength sensitivity of the two directions of FBG is much less than the conditions of FBG only under transverse force, that is to say, the axial force plays a leading role in the shift amount of center wavelength.

An Elongating String Under the Action of a Transverse Force

1957 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-616
Author(s):  
Werner Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Transverse Force ◽  
Transverse Displacement ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Forcing Function ◽  
Subsonic Regime ◽  
Arbitrary Amplitude ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Abstract The motion of a uniform undamped flexible string whose length increases with time has been investigated when an arbitrary time-dependent force acts transversely at the free end. The method of characteristics has been employed to derive analytical expressions for the transverse displacement in the subsonic regime. Cases are considered when the free end of the wire moves either at constant velocity or at constant acceleration. Numerical solutions are presented in dimensionless form for a sinusoidal forcing function of arbitrary amplitude and fixed frequency. The possibility of the existence of resonances in the string has been examined.

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