Spatially coherent and incoherent realistic wave optical modelling of the chromatic confocal signal for error minimised investigation of rough and inclined surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moaaz Rauf Nizami ◽  
Daniel Claus
Keyword(s):  
Optical Modelling ◽  
Inclined Surfaces

Quantitative energy-filtered electron diffraction

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 992-993
Author(s):  
R. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Perfect Symmetry ◽  
Amorphous Surface ◽  
The Ideal

Microanalysis and diffraction on a sub-nanometre scale have become practical in modern TEMs due to the high brightness of field emission sources combined with the short mean free paths associated with both elastic and inelastic scattering of incident electrons by the specimen. However, development of electron diffraction as a quantitative discipline has been limited by the absence of any generalised theory for dynamical inelastic scattering. These problems have been simplified by recent innovations, principally the introduction of spectrometers such as the Gatan imaging filter (GIF) and the Zeiss omega filter, which remove the inelastic electrons, combined with annual improvements in the speed of computer workstations and the availability of solid-state detectors with high resolution, sensitivity and dynamic range.Comparison of experimental data with dynamical calculations imposes stringent requirements on the specimen and the electron optics, even when the inelastic component has been removed. For example, no experimental CBED pattern ever has perfect symmetry, departures from the ideal being attributable to residual strain, thickness averaging, inclined surfaces, incomplete cells and amorphous surface layers.

312. Use of Visual Cues in Reducing the Risk of Fall During Work at Elevated and/or Inclined Surfaces

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bagchee ◽  
A. Bhattacharya ◽  
P. Succop ◽  
M. Medvedovic
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Risk Of Fall

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERIZED MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE MOBILE ROBOT’S POSITIONING ON LARGE FERROMAGNETIC SURFACES BASED ON INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES. AUTOMATION OF THE MONITORING AND CONTROL PROCESSES OF MOBILE ROBOT FOR PROCESSING OF LARGE INCLINED SURFACES

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Yan Guojun ◽  
Oleksiy Kozlov ◽  
Oleksandr Gerasin ◽  
Galyna Kondratenko
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Computerized Monitoring ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tracked Mobile Robot

The article renders the special features of the design of a tracked mobile robot (MR) for moving over inclined ferromagnetic surfaces while performing specified technological operations. There is conducted a synthesis of the functional structure and selective technological parameters (such as control coordinates) of the computerized monitoring and control system (CMCS) intended for use with this MR. Application of the CMCS with the proposed functional structure allows substantially increasing the accuracy of the MR monitoring and control, which in turn provides for a considerable enhancement in the quality and economic efficiency of the operations on processing of large ferromagnetic surfaces.

The effect of workload, work experience and inclined standing surface on visual spatial perception: Fall potential/prevention implications

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Laurel Kincl ◽  
Amit Bhattacharya ◽  
Paul Succop ◽  
Angshuman Bagchee
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Main Effects

Maintenance of upright balance involves interplay between sensory (somatosensory, vestibular and visual) inputs and neuro-motor outputs. Visual spatial perception (VSP) of vertical and horizontal orientation plays a significant role in the maintenance of upright balance. For this experiment, a custom designed computer program randomly generated 42 images of horizontal and vertical lines at various angles for 60 industrial workers (39 ± 9.8 years). Half of the workers had more than three years of experience working on inclined and/or elevated surfaces. The main effects investigated included within subject factors of standing surface inclination (0°, 14° and 26°), job experience (number of months), and postural workload (0%, 50% or 100%). The VSP outcome measure was the count of correct responses to the angles presented. The inclination did not have a significant effect on VSP, but the parameter estimates indicated less correct responses on the inclined surfaces. The postural workload significantly affected the VSP, indicating that with increased workload, less correct responses were given. Finally, job experience was found to improve VSP response scores. In summary, these results indicate that job experience increases accurate VSP, while workloads and inclined work surfaces decrease accurate VSP responses.

Microscopic Identification of Surface Steps on SiC by Density-Functional Calculations

2020 ◽  
Vol 1004 ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Kaori Seino ◽  
Atsushi Oshiyama
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Observation ◽  
Density Functional Calculations ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Atomic Steps ◽  
Atomic Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Microscopic Identification ◽  
Surface Steps ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Lower Terrace

We have performed density-functional calculations in order to clarify atomic structures and energetics of surface steps on SiC. The obtained energetics of distinct step types on vicinal 3C-SiC(111) surfaces which correspond to 4H- and 6H-SiC(0001) surfaces reveals the atom-scale reason for the experimental observation in the past that the step morphology is straight for the SiC(0001) surfaces inclined toward the 〈1-100〉 direction while it is meandering for the 〈11-20〉 inclined surfaces. The calculations clarify the rebonding between upper- and lower-terrace edge atoms, which is decisive for the energetics of the atomic steps.

Near-Wall Microlayer Evaporation Analysis and Experimental Study of Nucleate Pool Boiling on Inclined Surfaces

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Naterer ◽  
W. Hendradjit ◽  
K. J. Ahn ◽  
J. E. S. Venart
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heating Surface ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Inclined Surfaces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Microlayer Evaporation ◽  
Near Wall

Boiling heat transfer from inclined surfaces is examined and an analytical model of bubble growth and nucleate boiling is presented. The model predicts the average heat flux during nucleate boiling by considering alternating near-wall liquid and vapor periods. It expresses the heat flux in terms of the bubble departure diameter, frequency and duration of contact with the heating surface. Experiments were conducted over a wide range of upward and downward-facing surface orientations and the results were compared to model predictions. More active microlayer agitation and mixing along the surface as well as more frequent bubble sweeps along the heating surface provide the key reasons for more effective heat transfer with downward facing surfaces as compared to upward facing cases. Additional aspects of the role of surface inclination on boiling dynamics are quantified and discussed.

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