Public health precautions for preventing malaria using environmental data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahidur Rahman ◽  
Leonid Roytman ◽  
Abdelhamid Kadik ◽  
Dilara Rosy ◽  
Pradipta Nandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Data

scholarly journals Sources and Species of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir Watershed

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Jellison ◽  
Harold F. Hemond ◽  
David B. Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Reservoir Watershed

ABSTRACT Understanding the behavior of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment is critical to developing improved watershed management practices for protection of the public from waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Analytical methods of improved specificity and sensitivity are essential to this task. We developed a nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay that allows detection of a single oocyst in environmental samples and differentiates the human pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum from other Cryptosporidium species. We tested our method on surface water and animal fecal samples from the Wachusett Reservoir watershed in central Massachusetts. We also directly compared results from our method with those from the immunofluorescence microscopy assay recommended in the Information Collection Rule. Our results suggest that immunofluorescence microscopy may not be a reliable indicator of public health risk for waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Molecular and environmental data identify both wildlife and dairy farms as sources of oocysts in the watershed, implicate times of cold water temperatures as high-risk periods for oocyst contamination of surface waters, and suggest that not all oocysts in the environment pose a threat to public health.

Application of GIS technology in public health: successes and challenges

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE M. FLETCHER-LARTEY ◽  
GRAZIELLA CAPRARELLI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Application Of Gis

SUMMARYThe uptake and acceptance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology has increased since the early 1990s and public health applications are rapidly expanding. In this paper, we summarize the common uses of GIS technology in the public health sector, emphasizing applications related to mapping and understanding of parasitic diseases. We also present some of the success stories, and discuss the challenges that still prevent a full scope application of GIS technology in the public health context. Geographical analysis has allowed researchers to interlink health, population and environmental data, thus enabling them to evaluate and quantify relationships between health-related variables and environmental risk factors at different geographical scales. The ability to access, share and utilize satellite and remote-sensing data has made possible even wider understanding of disease processes and of their links to the environment, an important consideration in the study of parasitic diseases. For example, disease prevention and control strategies resulting from investigations conducted in a GIS environment have been applied in many areas, particularly in Africa. However, there remain several challenges to a more widespread use of GIS technology, such as: limited access to GIS infrastructure, inadequate technical and analytical skills, and uneven data availability. Opportunities exist for international collaboration to address these limitations through knowledge sharing and governance.

Thermal Comfort of the Elderly in Public Health Service Buildings of Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Chorpech Panraluk ◽  
Atch Sreshthaputra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Thermal comfort of the Thai elderly in air-conditioned space. The quantitative evaluation was conducted using 163 senior participants while recording their expressed satisfaction within the thermal environment in four public health service buildings in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. It revealed that for the Thai elderly, the Predicted Mean Vote could not be used to identify the Thermal Sensation Vote. In addition, the results of this study indicated that personal factors, such as gender, age, and underlying disease correlating affect their Thermal Sensation Vote. Perhaps most significantly, a coincidental finding was that the thermal sensation of the Thai elderly was strongly dependent upon the condition of the occupant’s metabolic syndrome, which belonged to the Non-Communicable Disease group. This study assumed that in the elderly, the metabolic syndrome might have an effect on their metabolic rate (as one of the six factors of thermal comfort). In terms of the environmental factors, the on-site environmental data was collected via field works. It found that the air-conditioned spaces had mean radiant temperatures of 23.20-31.40 °C, this condition would make seniors feel comfortable if the thermal environment in the study areas were controlled: air temperature 23.00-27.80 °C, relative humidity 54.00-73.00% and air velocity 0.08-0.72 m/s. However, some elderly wanted to change this thermal environment to either cooler (10.68%) or warmer (4.85%). Therefore, it should be further study to find the proper thermal environment for covering the most of the seniors in Thailand.

scholarly journals Comparison of Size and Geography of Airborne Tungsten Particles in Fallon, Nevada, and Sweet Home, Oregon, with Implications for Public Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Sheppard ◽  
Brian J. Bierman ◽  
Kent Rhodes ◽  
Gary Ridenour ◽  
Mark L. Witten
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Annual Scale

To improve understanding of possible connections between airborne tungsten and public health, size and geography of airborne tungsten particles collected in Fallon, Nevada, and Sweet Home, Oregon, were compared. Both towns have industrial tungsten facilities, but only Fallon has experienced a cluster of childhood leukemia. Fallon and Sweet Home are similar to one another by their particles of airborne tungsten being generally small in size. Meteorologically, much, if not most, of residential Fallon is downwind of its hard metal facility for at least some fraction of time at the annual scale, whereas little of residential Sweet Home is downwind of its tungsten facility. Geographically, most Fallon residents potentially spend time daily within an environment containing elevated levels of airborne tungsten. In contrast, few Sweet Home residents potentially spend time daily within an airborne environment with elevated levels of airborne tungsten. Although it cannot be concluded from environmental data alone that elevated airborne tungsten causes childhood leukemia, the lack of excessive cancer in Sweet Home cannot logically be used to dismiss the possibility of airborne tungsten as a factor in the cluster of childhood leukemia in Fallon. Detailed modeling of all variables affecting airborne loadings of heavy metals would be needed to legitimately compare human exposures to airborne tungsten in Fallon and Sweet Home.

scholarly journals Implementation of a national epidemiological surveillance of prison suicide in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Chan Chee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Santé Publique ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Public Health Priority ◽  
Health Priority ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Prison Health ◽  
Sante Publique

Abstract Context Worldwide, suicide is a leading cause of death in prison. In France, suicide of prisoners accounts for more than 100 deaths per year representing about half of the total deaths in prison. Moreover, suicide rates in French prisons are seven times higher than in the community and are among the highest in Europe. Reducing prison suicide is a public health priority inscribed in a joint action plan of both the Ministries of health and of justice. In order to prevent this tragic loss of life, prison services and health services must collaborate for the monitoring and understanding of the risk factors involved. The aims of an epidemiologic surveillance of prison suicide are to gather information about the medical factors and factors related to prison environment, analyze them and eventually produce recommendations for prevention. Methods After months of consultation between Santé publique France, different administrations and professionals working in prison, a common methodology was set up. As from January 2017, whenever a suicide or suspected death occurs in prison, the Direction of the Prison Administration (DAP) informs Santé publique France, who in turn sends to the medical practitioner in charge of the prison health services a questionnaire including the history before detention: morbidity, addiction, attempted suicide, and during detention: contact with prison health services, diagnosis and final contact prior to death. Each year, the DAP sends to Santé publique France the sociodemographic, administrative, judiciary and prison environmental data of the persons. Results In 2017, data were collected for 106 suicides from 71 prisons: 95% males, 49% remand, 44% murder or sexual assault, median incarceration time 96 days. Questionnaires were returned from prison practitioners for 100 cases (94%): regular contact 83%, prior suicide attempt 23%. Conclusions Feasibility of a prison suicide surveillance is only possible with the implication of both prison and health services. Key messages Reducing death by suicide in prison is a public health priority. Feasibility of a prison suicide surveillance is only possible with the implication of both prison and health services.

Assessing Utilization and Effectiveness in Public Participative and Volunteered Geographic Information Systems for Environmental Data

2019 ◽  
pp. 594-606
Author(s):  
April Moreno ◽  
Sarah Osailan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Stakeholder Groups

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can serve as a planning tool to promote community health at many levels, such as the policy, organizational and public levels. The Brownfields to Healthfields (B2H) program involves creating new opportunities to support community public health, including the development of park spaces and new hospital facilities. However, there was no existing portal for organizations to access a map of brownfields data to meet the required criteria of the organization in seeking a space for transformation to a “healthfield” or other public services facility. Since the various types of community and demographic data were scattered, it was necessary to combine the data in a web application available to all stakeholders. This paper discusses the utilization of a new concept of operation, which includes participative and volunteered approaches that are addressed to include the contribution of various stakeholder groups, and to further improve planning for public health.

Assessing Utilization and Effectiveness in Public Participative and Volunteered Geographic Information Systems for Environmental Data

2019 ◽  
pp. 1234-1246
Author(s):  
April Moreno ◽  
Sarah Osailan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Stakeholder Groups

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can serve as a planning tool to promote community health at many levels, such as the policy, organizational and public levels. The Brownfields to Healthfields (B2H) program involves creating new opportunities to support community public health, including the development of park spaces and new hospital facilities. However, there was no existing portal for organizations to access a map of brownfields data to meet the required criteria of the organization in seeking a space for transformation to a “healthfield” or other public services facility. Since the various types of community and demographic data were scattered, it was necessary to combine the data in a web application available to all stakeholders. This paper discusses the utilization of a new concept of operation, which includes participative and volunteered approaches that are addressed to include the contribution of various stakeholder groups, and to further improve planning for public health.

The CEECHE: a practical approach for reducing exposures and disease outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Suk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Cooperative Research

Abstract While each region of the world faces unique challenges, environmental threats to vulnerable populations throughout Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) present a significant public health challenge. Environmental pollution is widespread, resulting from the consequences of rapid industrialization during the Soviet Union era. To help address these concerns, a meeting, sponsored in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program (SRP), was convened in 1994. The meeting, “Hazardous Wastes – Exposure, Remediation, and Policy,” brought together representatives of the governments of seven countries in the region, scientists from the United States and Western Europe, and representatives from international organizations to explore hazardous waste problems in the region. Since 1994, the SRP and partners have been holding meetings throughout CEE to share important information regarding environmental health. The general sessions have shifted from a focus on describing the problems in each country related to hazardous waste, exposure assessment, risk reduction, and risk communication, to an exchange of information to better define links between health and the environment and strategies to improve regional problems. The 1994 meeting and subsequent meetings raised issues such as heavy metal contamination, exposures from hazardous waste, and pollution caused by deficiencies in disposal of waste overall. Research priorities that were identified included development of reliable biomarkers, better understanding of the relationship between nutrition and chemical toxicity, more epidemiological studies in CEE, better methods of environmental data analysis, and development of remediation tools. Here, we review examples of research from current SRP grantees that address many of these issues. In 2004, the first official Central and Eastern European Conference on Health and the Environment (CEECHE) was held, and has been held biannually at venues across CEE. The CEECHE provides a forum for researchers and engineers, and organizations with diverse professional expertise and backgrounds, to jointly examine pressing environment and health issues, engage in cooperative research, and develop and disseminate innovative prevention strategies for addressing these issues. The CEECHE facilitates more intentional integration of disciplines to achieve a fundamental understanding of biological, environmental, and engineering processes and exploit this knowledge to contribute to solving environmental exposure-related issues. Critical to the CEECHE mission is the participation of trainees and junior scientists who will share their data and engage broadly with the scientific community. Scientific inquiry that supports a paradigm whereby knowledge gained through understanding disease processes resulting from environmental exposures would further our understanding of potential human health effects, and provide a creative, holistic approach to integrate seemingly discrete biological systems and geological, ecological and human health risk assessments into more comprehensive models. Such models will be discussed which advance the mission of reducing the public health burden of hazardous substances through interdisciplinary research and training.

scholarly journals SOS! Summer of Smoke: a retrospective cohort study examining the cardiorespiratory impacts of a severe and prolonged wildfire season in Canada’s high subarctic

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e037029
Author(s):  
Courtney Howard ◽  
Caren Rose ◽  
Warren Dodd ◽  
Katherine Kohle ◽  
Craig Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Clinic Visits

ObjectivesTo determine healthcare service utilisation for cardiorespiratory presentations and outpatient salbutamol dispensation associated with 2.5 months of severe, unabating wildfire smoke in Canada’s high subarctic.DesignA retrospective cohort study using hospital, clinic, pharmacy and environmental data analysed using Poisson regression.SettingTerritorial referral hospital and clinics in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada.ParticipantsIndividuals from Yellowknife and surrounding communities presenting for care between 2012 and 2015.Main outcome measuresEmergency room (ER) presentations, hospital admissions and clinic visits for cardiorespiratory events, and outpatient salbutamol prescriptionsResultsThe median 24-hour mean particulate matter (PM2.5) was fivefold higher in the summer of 2014 compared with 2012, 2013 and 2015 (median=30.8 µg/m3), with the mean peaking at 320.3 µg/m3. A 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an increase in asthma-related (incidence rate ratio (IRR) (95% CI): 1.11 (1.07, 1.14)) and pneumonia-related ER visits (IRR (95% CI): 1.06 (1.02, 1.10)), as well as an increase in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalisations (IRR (95% CI): 1.11 (1.02, 1.20). Compared with 2012 and 2013, salbutamol dispensations in 2014 increased by 48%; clinic visits for asthma, pneumonia and cough increased; ER visits for asthma doubled, with the highest rate in females, in adults aged ≥40 years and in Dene people, while pneumonia increased by 57%, with higher rates in males, in individualsaged <40 years and in Inuit people. Cardiac variables were unchanged.ConclusionsSevere wildfires in 2014 resulted in extended poor air quality associated with increases in health resource utilization; some impacts were seen disproportionately among vulnerable populations, such as children and Indigenous individuals. Public health advisories asking people to stay inside were inadequately protective, with compliance possibly impacted by the prolonged exposure. Future research should investigate use of at-home air filtration systems, clean-air shelters and public health messaging which addresses mental health and supports physical activity.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Data Acquisition Station for Microclimate Detection and Public Health Risks Management: A Case Study of Casablanca

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Akensous Youness ◽  
Hakdaoui Mustapha ◽  
Al-Akad Sultan ◽  
Al Sabri Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City

<p class="0abstract">the environmental data acquisition station is used to manage the public health and detection of a microclimate of a city for a broadcast processed high precision data for users. This research article is summarizing the applications of Electronics and GIS applications to health risks management due to air pollution, noise and microclimate change detection, to study the geography of urban health risks and environmental change in Casablanca, Morocco. acquisition of environmental and Climatological Data using sensor networks, results a new possibilities and advantages, of environmental data monitoring using electronic circuit with a broadcasting system via a technology with wireless transmitter. The main object of this research is to present a simple and rapid method to provide instant microclimate and environment data, which can be used to manage the public risks caused by pollution and environment changes. As the climate and environment conditions are variable from a place to place, it is difficult to get accurate climate and environment for a particular location in a city. With the advancement of technology, especially data acquisition systems, the problem of large set up area and cost has been reduced. The data acquisition station can be set up at any place and provide an accurate and instant climate and environment report to any citizen of the city. The report of the data acquisition system can be used by the users to choose the best place for them to live due to their diseases. In addition, these data can be collected in a GIS system to create a microclimate change and air pollution map of different zones in the city, predict the future climate, and air pollution of the city.</p>

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