Advanced spectral engineering: a new way of process improvements by laser spectra optimization for optical lithography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Fujii ◽  
Takahito Kumazaki ◽  
Takamitsu Komaki ◽  
Toshihiro Oga ◽  
Taku Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Optical Lithography ◽  
Process Improvements

scholarly journals An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3950
Author(s):  
Hoora Mazaheri ◽  
Hwai Chyuan Ong ◽  
Zeynab Amini ◽  
Haji Hassan Masjuki ◽  
M. Mofijur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Activity Mechanism

Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, liquid fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines without modification as pure or blend. Transesterification (the primary process for biodiesel generation) via heterogeneous catalysis using low-cost waste feedstocks for catalyst synthesis improves the economics of biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are preferred for the industrial generation of biodiesel due to their robustness and low costs due to the easy separation and relatively higher reusability. Calcium oxides found in abundance in nature, e.g., in seashells and eggshells, are promising candidates for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. However, process improvements are required to design productive calcium oxide-based catalysts at an industrial scale. The current work presents an overview of the biodiesel production advancements using calcium oxide-based catalysts (e.g., pure, supported, and mixed with metal oxides). The review discusses different factors involved in the synthesis of calcium oxide-based catalysts, and the effect of reaction parameters on the biodiesel yield of calcium oxide-based catalysis are studied. Further, the common reactor designs used for the heterogeneous catalysis using calcium oxide-based catalysts are explained. Moreover, the catalytic activity mechanism, challenges and prospects of the application of calcium oxide-based catalysts in biodiesel generation are discussed. The study of calcium oxide-based catalyst should continue to be evaluated for the potential of their application in the commercial sector as they remain the pivotal goal of these studies.

Quasi-3D plasmonic coupling scheme for near-field optical lithography and imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (16) ◽  
pp. 3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Zhidong Du ◽  
Yongshik Park ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Optical Lithography ◽  
Coupling Scheme ◽  
Plasmonic Coupling

scholarly journals Using Operational Analysis to Improve Access to Pulmonary Function Testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ada Ip ◽  
Raymond Asamoah-Barnieh ◽  
Diane P. Bischak ◽  
Warren J. Davidson ◽  
W. Ward Flemons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Testing ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Operational Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Guide System ◽  
Function Testing

Background. Timely pulmonary function testing is crucial to improving diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. Perceptions of poor access at an academic pulmonary function laboratory prompted analysis of system demand and capacity to identify factors contributing to poor access.Methods. Surveys and interviews identified stakeholder perspectives on operational processes and access challenges. Retrospective data on testing demand and resource capacity was analyzed to understand utilization of testing resources.Results. Qualitative analysis demonstrated that stakeholder groups had discrepant views on access and capacity in the laboratory. Mean daily resource utilization was 0.64 (SD 0.15), with monthly average utilization consistently less than 0.75. Reserved testing slots for subspecialty clinics were poorly utilized, leaving many testing slots unfilled. When subspecialty demand exceeded number of reserved slots, there was sufficient capacity in the pulmonary function schedule to accommodate added demand. Findings were shared with stakeholders and influenced scheduling process improvements.Conclusion. This study highlights the importance of operational data to identify causes of poor access, guide system decision-making, and determine effects of improvement initiatives in a variety of healthcare settings. Importantly, simple operational analysis can help to improve efficiency of health systems with little or no added financial investment.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Texturing Antireflection Structures in Solar Cells by Using the Defocusing Exposure in Optical Lithography

2006 ◽  
Vol 153 (9) ◽  
pp. G802 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Chen ◽  
Wonder Fan ◽  
C. C. Cheng ◽  
C. H. Lin ◽  
K. T. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Optical Lithography
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