Polymers as essential building blocks of Augmented and Virtual Reality Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Prinz ◽  
Markus Brehm ◽  
Isabel Pilottek ◽  
Patrick Heissler
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Building Blocks

scholarly journals Robotic Surgery: Rediscovering Human Anatomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12744
Author(s):  
Antonio Gangemi ◽  
Betty Chang ◽  
Paolo Bernante ◽  
Gilberto Poggioli
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
New Era ◽  
Anatomical Information

Since its advent, robotic surgery has redefined the operating room experience. It directly addressed and resolved many of the shortcomings of laparoscopic methods while maintaining a minimally invasive approach that brought benefits in cosmesis and healing for patients but also benefits in ergonomics and precision for surgeons. This new platform has brought with it changes in surgical training and education, principally through the utilization of virtual reality. Accurate depictions of human anatomy seen through augmented reality allow the surgeon-in-training to learn, practice and perfect their skills before they operate on their first patient. However, the anatomical knowledge required for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is distinct from current methods of dissection and prosection that inherently cater towards open surgery with large cuts and unobstructed field. It is integral that robotic surgeons are also equipped with accurate anatomical information, heralding a new era in which anatomists can work alongside those developing virtual reality technology to create anatomical training curricula for MIS. As the field of surgery and medicine in general moves to include more and more technology, it is only fitting that the building blocks of medical education follow suit and rediscover human anatomy in a modern context.

scholarly journals A Survey of Technologies for Building Collaborative Virtual Environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Wright ◽  
Greg Madey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environments ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environment ◽  
Desktop Virtual Reality ◽  
Desktop Vr

What viable technologies exist to enable the development of so-called desktop virtual reality (desktop-VR) applications? Specifically, which of these are active and capable of helping us to engineer a collaborative, virtual environment (CVE)? A review of the literature and numerous project websites indicates an array of both overlapping and disparate approaches to this problem. In this paper, we review and perform a risk assessment of 16 prominent desktop-VR technologies (some building-blocks, some entire platforms) in an effort to determine the most efficacious tool or tools for constructing a CVE

Project DisCo: Choreographing Discrete Building Blocks in Virtual Reality

2019 ◽  
pp. 288-299
Author(s):  
Jan Philipp Drude ◽  
Andrea Rossi ◽  
Mirco Becker
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Building Blocks

The Future Is Already Here

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-251
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Public Displays ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In Japan, the world's most technologically sophisticated society, the future has already happened with public displays of AI-powered systems and robots underpinned by big data and fast being incorporated along with other emerging technologies such as the internet of things (IoT), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), blockchain, and cryptocurrency. Hence, the building blocks of the future already exist today, perhaps within niches, and in the coming years, they will spread to make the ‘normal' of the future. The human race needs to forge a society that collectively and fairly controls how AI will ‘write' the future to avoid it being unequally spread and affected by inequalities, cancers, and the dysfunctional habits of today.

Photochemical Evolution of Interstellar/Precometary Organic Material

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Allamandola ◽  
Max P. Bernstein ◽  
Scott A. Sandford
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Infrared Observations ◽  
Interstellar Ice ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Ultraviolet Photolysis ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Simple Molecules ◽  
Complex Organic

AbstractInfrared observations, combined with realistic laboratory simulations, have revolutionized our understanding of interstellar ice and dust, the building blocks of comets. Since comets are thought to be a major source of the volatiles on the primative earth, their organic inventory is of central importance to questions concerning the origin of life. Ices in molecular clouds contain the very simple molecules H2O, CH3OH, CO, CO2, CH4, H2, and probably some NH3and H2CO, as well as more complex species including nitriles, ketones, and esters. The evidence for these, as well as carbonrich materials such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), microdiamonds, and amorphous carbon is briefly reviewed. This is followed by a detailed summary of interstellar/precometary ice photochemical evolution based on laboratory studies of realistic polar ice analogs. Ultraviolet photolysis of these ices produces H2, H2CO, CO2, CO, CH4, HCO, and the moderately complex organic molecules: CH3CH2OH (ethanol), HC(= O)NH2(formamide), CH3C(= O)NH2(acetamide), R-CN (nitriles), and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT, C6H12N4), as well as more complex species including polyoxymethylene and related species (POMs), amides, and ketones. The ready formation of these organic species from simple starting mixtures, the ice chemistry that ensues when these ices are mildly warmed, plus the observation that the more complex refractory photoproducts show lipid-like behavior and readily self organize into droplets upon exposure to liquid water suggest that comets may have played an important role in the origin of life.

Laboratory and in-situ analysis of comet dust

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
D.E. Brownlee ◽  
A.L. Albee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Isotopic Analysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Cometary Material ◽  
Comet Dust

Comets are primitive, kilometer-sized bodies that formed in the outer regions of the solar system. Composed of ice and dust, comets are generally believed to be relic building blocks of the outer solar system that have been preserved at cryogenic temperatures since the formation of the Sun and planets. The analysis of cometary material is particularly important because the properties of cometary material provide direct information on the processes and environments that formed and influenced solid matter both in the early solar system and in the interstellar environments that preceded it.The first direct analyses of proven comet dust were made during the Soviet and European spacecraft encounters with Comet Halley in 1986. These missions carried time-of-flight mass spectrometers that measured mass spectra of individual micron and smaller particles. The Halley measurements were semi-quantitative but they showed that comet dust is a complex fine-grained mixture of silicates and organic material. A full understanding of comet dust will require detailed morphological, mineralogical, elemental and isotopic analysis at the finest possible scale. Electron microscopy and related microbeam techniques will play key roles in the analysis. The present and future of electron microscopy of comet samples involves laboratory study of micrometeorites collected in the stratosphere, in-situ SEM analysis of particles collected at a comet and laboratory study of samples collected from a comet and returned to the Earth for detailed study.

Cryo-TEM of amphiphilic polymer and amphiphile/polymer solutions

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
Yeshayahu Talmon
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Microstructured Fluids ◽  
Air Streams

To achieve complete microstructural characterization of self-aggregating systems, one needs direct images in addition to quantitative information from non-imaging, e.g., scattering or Theological measurements, techniques. Cryo-TEM enables us to image fluid microstructures at better than one nanometer resolution, with minimal specimen preparation artifacts. Direct images are used to determine the “building blocks” of the fluid microstructure; these are used to build reliable physical models with which quantitative information from techniques such as small-angle x-ray or neutron scattering can be analyzed.To prepare vitrified specimens of microstructured fluids, we have developed the Controlled Environment Vitrification System (CEVS), that enables us to prepare samples under controlled temperature and humidity conditions, thus minimizing microstructural rearrangement due to volatile evaporation or temperature changes. The CEVS may be used to trigger on-the-grid processes to induce formation of new phases, or to study intermediate, transient structures during change of phase (“time-resolved cryo-TEM”). Recently we have developed a new CEVS, where temperature and humidity are controlled by continuous flow of a mixture of humidified and dry air streams.

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