Advanced diffusion-weighted MRI metrics detect sex differences in aging among 15,000 adults in the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Lawrence ◽  
Leila Nabulsi ◽  
Vigneshwaran Santhalingam ◽  
Zvart Abaryan ◽  
Julio E. Villalon-Reina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Advanced diffusion-weighted MRI metrics detect sex differences in aging among 15,000 adults in the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Lawrence ◽  
Leila Nabulsi ◽  
Vigneshwaran Santhalingam ◽  
Zvart Abaryan ◽  
Julio E. Villalon-Reina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

ABSTRACTThe brain’s white matter microstructure, as assessed using diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), changes significantly with age and also exhibits significant sex differences. Here we examined the ability of a traditional diffusivity metric (fractional anisotropy derived from diffusion tensor imaging, DTI-FA) and advanced diffusivity metrics (fractional anisotropy derived from the tensor distribution function, TDF-FA; neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging measures of intra-cellular volume fraction, NODDI-ICVF; orientation dispersion index, NODDI-ODI; and isotropic volume fraction, NODDI-ISOVF) to detect sex differences in white matter aging. We also created normative aging reference curves based on sex. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) applies a single-tensor diffusion model to single-shell DWI data, while the tensor distribution function (TDF) fits a continuous distribution of tensors to single-shell DWI data. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) fits a multi-compartment model to multi-shell DWI data to distinguish intra- and extra-cellular contributions to diffusion. We analyzed these traditional and advanced diffusion measures in a large population sample available through the UK Biobank (15,394 participants; age-range: 45-80 years) by using linear regression and fractional polynomials. Advanced diffusivity metrics (NODDI-ODI, NODDI-ISOVF, TDF-FA) detected significant sex differences in aging, whereas a traditional metric (DTI-FA) did not. These findings suggest that future studies examining sex differences in white matter aging may benefit from including advanced diffusion measures.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the association between major cardiovascular risk factors in midlife and dementia: a cohort study using data from the UK Biobank

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Gong ◽  
Katie Harris ◽  
Sanne A. E. Peters ◽  
Mark Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Sex differences in major cardiovascular risk factors for incident (fatal or non-fatal) all-cause dementia were assessed in the UK Biobank. The effects of these risk factors on all-cause dementia were explored by age and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and women-to-men ratio of HRs (RHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), smoking, diabetes, adiposity, stroke, SES and lipids with dementia. Poisson regression was used to estimate the sex-specific incidence rate of dementia for these risk factors. Results 502,226 individuals in midlife (54.4% women, mean age 56.5 years) with no prevalent dementia were included in the analyses. Over 11.8 years (median), 4068 participants (45.9% women) developed dementia. The crude incidence rates were 5.88 [95% CI 5.62–6.16] for women and 8.42 [8.07–8.78] for men, per 10,000 person-years. Sex was associated with the risk of dementia, where the risk was lower in women than men (HR = 0.83 [0.77–0.89]). Current smoking, diabetes, high adiposity, prior stroke and low SES were associated with a greater risk of dementia, similarly in women and men. The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and dementia was U-shaped in men but had a dose-response relationship in women: the HR for SBP per 20 mmHg was 1.08 [1.02–1.13] in women and 0.98 [0.93–1.03] in men. This sex difference was not affected by the use of antihypertensive medication at baseline. The sex difference in the effect of raised BP was consistent for dementia subtypes (vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease). Conclusions Several mid-life cardiovascular risk factors were associated with dementia similarly in women and men, but not raised BP. Future bespoke BP-lowering trials are necessary to understand its role in restricting cognitive decline and to clarify any sex difference.

scholarly journals Diabetes, glycated haemoglobin and the risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: a prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit de Jong ◽  
Mark Woodward ◽  
Sanne A.E Peters
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

<b>Objective:</b> Diabetes has shown to be a stronger risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) in women than men. Whether sex differences exist across the glycaemic spectrum is unknown. We investigated sex differences in the associations of diabetes status and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with the risk of MI. <br> <b>Research Design and Methods:</b> Data were used from 471,399 (56% women) individuals without cardiovascular disease (CVD) included in the UK Biobank. Sex-specific incidence rates were calculated by diabetes status and across levels of HbA1c, using Poisson regression. Cox proportional hazards analyses estimated sex-specific hazard ratios (HR) and women-to-men ratios by diabetes status and HbA1c for MI during a mean follow-up of 9 years. <br> <b>Results:</b> Women had lower incidence rates of MI than men, regardless of diabetes status or HbA1c level. Compared with individuals without diabetes, prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and previously diagnosed diabetes were associated with increased risk of MI in both sexes. Previously diagnosed diabetes was more strongly associated with MI in women (HR 2∙33 [95%CI 1∙96;2∙78]) than men (1∙81 [1∙63;2∙02]), with a women-to-men ratio of HRs of 1∙29 (1∙05;1∙58). Each 1% higher HbA1c, independent of diabetes status, was associated with an 18% greater risk of MI in both women and men.<br> <b>Conclusions:</b> Although the incidence of MI was higher in men than women, the presence of diabetes is associated with a greater excess relative risk of MI in women. However, each 1% higher HbA1c was associated with an 18% greater risk of MI in both women and men.<br> <br>

scholarly journals Diabetes, glycated haemoglobin and the risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: a prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit de Jong ◽  
Mark Woodward ◽  
Sanne A.E Peters
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

<b>Objective:</b> Diabetes has shown to be a stronger risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) in women than men. Whether sex differences exist across the glycaemic spectrum is unknown. We investigated sex differences in the associations of diabetes status and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with the risk of MI. <br> <b>Research Design and Methods:</b> Data were used from 471,399 (56% women) individuals without cardiovascular disease (CVD) included in the UK Biobank. Sex-specific incidence rates were calculated by diabetes status and across levels of HbA1c, using Poisson regression. Cox proportional hazards analyses estimated sex-specific hazard ratios (HR) and women-to-men ratios by diabetes status and HbA1c for MI during a mean follow-up of 9 years. <br> <b>Results:</b> Women had lower incidence rates of MI than men, regardless of diabetes status or HbA1c level. Compared with individuals without diabetes, prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and previously diagnosed diabetes were associated with increased risk of MI in both sexes. Previously diagnosed diabetes was more strongly associated with MI in women (HR 2∙33 [95%CI 1∙96;2∙78]) than men (1∙81 [1∙63;2∙02]), with a women-to-men ratio of HRs of 1∙29 (1∙05;1∙58). Each 1% higher HbA1c, independent of diabetes status, was associated with an 18% greater risk of MI in both women and men.<br> <b>Conclusions:</b> Although the incidence of MI was higher in men than women, the presence of diabetes is associated with a greater excess relative risk of MI in women. However, each 1% higher HbA1c was associated with an 18% greater risk of MI in both women and men.<br> <br>

Sex differences in genetic architecture in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289
Author(s):  
Elena Bernabeu ◽  
Oriol Canela-Xandri ◽  
Konrad Rawlik ◽  
Andrea Talenti ◽  
James Prendergast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
The Uk
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