Measurement of spectral transmission through snow from SWIR to LWIR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Border ◽  
Kenneth McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Transmission

scholarly journals POS1405 OPTICAL SPECTRAL TRANSMISSION (HANDSCAN) IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: FIRST DATA ON DIAGNOSTIC VALUE AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH CLINICAL AND ULTRASOUND DISEASE ACTIVITY MARKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 985.1-985
Author(s):  
K. Triantafyllias ◽  
S. Liverakos ◽  
C. Noack ◽  
A. Schwarting
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spectral Transmission ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Assessment Of Disease Activity

Background:Valid assessment of disease activity leads to improvement of long-term outcomes in patients with inflammatory arthritis (1). Optical spectral transmission (OST) is a modern diagnostic tool able to assess the blood-specific absorption of light transmitted through a tissue, promising quantification of inflammation in the finger and wrist joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (commercial device: HandScan – Demcon/Hemics, The Netherlands) (2). Even though an increasing number of studies have evaluated diagnostic value of this new technology in RA patients (2,3), no data exist regarding psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Objectives:To examine for the first time the diagnostic value of OST in detecting inflammation in patients with PsA and to evaluate its relationship with disease activity markers and various epidemiological and anthropometric patient characteristics.Methods:OST-Measurements were performed in a group of PsA patients and a group of healthy controls. The difference between OST in the two groups was statistically examined and relationships of OST with clinical (tender / swollen joint counts, disease activity on a visual analogue scale) and serological disease activity markers were evaluated. Moreover, joint ultrasound (US) examinations were performed in a subgroup of PsA patients and OST associations with a Power Doppler- and a Grey Scale-US score were examined. Finally, relationships of OST with various anthropometric and epidemiologic parameters (BMI, hand-size, gender, age) were assessed.Results:We recruited 49 PsA patients [65.3% female; mean age 53.3 years (± 11.8 SD)] and 114 control subjects [77.2% female; mean age 46 years (± 12.8 SD)]. OST was statistically significantly higher in the patient group, compared to the control group [14.95 (12.04 - 17.18, IQR) vs. 10.31 (7.84 – 13.79, IQR); p<0.001]. OST correlated moderately-strongly with both examined US scores (Power Doppler-score: r = 0.5; p = 0.026 and Grey Scale-score: r = 0.52; p = 0.028). Moreover, OST showed a moderate, statistically significant association with C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0,298; p = 0,037). Finally, males had significantly higher OST values than females and OST associated moderately-weakly with body mass index (BMI) in the control group (rho = 0.24; p< 0.001).Conclusion:This is the first report of a possible diagnostic value of OST in patients with PsA. OST correlated with ultrasound and serological activity markers and may thus prove to be a useful tool of disease activity assessment, next to well established diagnostic modalities, such as the joint US. Correlations of OST with patient characteristics implicate the need to take also anthropometric and epidemiological patient characteristics into account when interprenting OST results in order to avoid confounding.References:[1]Katchamart W, et al. Systematic monitoring of disease activity using an outcome measure improves outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2010;37:1411–1415.[2]Triantafyllias, et al. Diagnostic value of optical spectral transmission in rheumatoid arthritis: associations with clinical characteristics and comparison with joint ultrasonography. J Rheumatol 2020 1;47(9):1314-1322.[3]Onna M Van, et al. Assessment of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using optical spectral transmission measurements, a non-invasive imaging technique. Ann Rheum Dis 2016;75:511–518.Disclosure of Interests:Konstantinos Triantafyllias Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Novartis, Janssen, Chugai, Stefanie Liverakos: None declared, Claudia Noack: None declared, Andreas Schwarting: None declared

scholarly journals Changes in pigment, spectral transmission and element content of pink chicken eggshells with different pigment intensity during incubation

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Zhanming Li ◽  
Jinming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Spectral Transmission ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Visible Wavelength Range ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Eggshell Pigmentation ◽  
Light Medium ◽  
Pink Pigment

Objective.The objective of this study was to investigate changes in pigment, spectral transmission and element content of chicken eggshells with different intensities of pink pigment during the incubation period. We also investigated the effects of the region (small pole, equator and large pole) and pink pigment intensity of the chicken eggshell on the percent transmission of light passing through the chicken eggshells.Method.Eggs of comparable weight from a meat-type breeder (Meihuang) were used, and divided based on three levels of pink pigment (light, medium and dark) in the eggshells. During the incubation (0–21 d), the values of the eggshell pigment (ΔE,L∗,a∗,b∗) were measured. The percent transmission of light for different regions and intensities of eggshell pigmentation was measured by using the visible wavelength range of 380–780 nm.Result.Three measured indicators of eggshell color, ΔE,L∗anda∗, did not change significantly during incubation. Compared with other regions and pigment intensities, eggshell at the small pole and with light pigmentation intensity showed the highest percent transmission of light. The transmission value varied significantly (P< 0.001) with incubation time. The element analysis of eggshells with different levels of pink pigment showed that the potassium content of the eggshells for all pigment levels decreased significantly during incubation.Conclusion.In summary, pigment intensity and the region of the eggshell influenced the percent transmission of light of eggshell. Differences in the spectral characteristics of different eggshells may influence the effects of photostimulation during the incubation of eggs. All of these results will be applicable for perfecting the design of light intensity for lighted incubation to improve productivity.

Experiments on the Light Sense of the Hag, Myxine Glutinosa L

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
D. M. STEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spectral Sensitivity ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Spectral Transmission ◽  
Sensitivity Maximum ◽  
Myxine Glutinosa ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Local Movement

1. The response of the hag to light consists of one or more local movements followed after a further interval by general locomotory activity. The first local movement has been used as a measure of the reaction time. 2. The reaction time is inversely proportional to the intensity of the stimulus at illuminations less than about 10 e.f.c. At higher levels of illumination it attains a constant minimum value. Hags respond to intensities at least as low as 0.1 e.f.c. but only after several minutes illumination. 3. Estimates of the penetration of light through sea water suggest that the hag's light sense is of functional value. 4. The spectral sensitivity maximum lies between 500 and 520 mµ. Hags are virtually insensitive to wave-lengths longer than about 600 mµ. 5. The significance of the spectral sensitivity is discussed in relation to the spectral transmission of sea water and the evolution of photosensitive systems.

scholarly journals The spectral transmission of ocular media suggests ultraviolet sensitivity is widespread among mammals

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1780) ◽  
pp. 20132995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Douglas ◽  
G. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Spectral Transmission ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Uv Sensitivity ◽  
Ultraviolet Sensitivity ◽  
Ocular Media

Although ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity is widespread among animals it is considered rare in mammals, being restricted to the few species that have a visual pigment maximally sensitive ( λ max ) below 400 nm. However, even animals without such a pigment will be UV-sensitive if they have ocular media that transmit these wavelengths, as all visual pigments absorb significant amounts of UV if the energy level is sufficient. Although it is known that lenses of diurnal sciurid rodents, tree shrews and primates prevent UV from reaching the retina, the degree of UV transmission by ocular media of most other mammals without a visual pigment with λ max in the UV is unknown. We examined lenses of 38 mammalian species from 25 families in nine orders and observed large diversity in the degree of short-wavelength transmission. All species whose lenses removed short wavelengths had retinae specialized for high spatial resolution and relatively high cone numbers, suggesting that UV removal is primarily linked to increased acuity. Other mammals, however, such as hedgehogs, dogs, cats, ferrets and okapis had lenses transmitting significant amounts of UVA (315–400 nm), suggesting that they will be UV-sensitive even without a specific UV visual pigment.

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