Ultra-Compact Imaging Spectrometer Moon (UCIS-Moon) for lunar surface missions: Optical, optomechanical, and thermal design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Haag ◽  
Megan S. Gibson ◽  
Weibo Chen ◽  
Ian M. Mckinley ◽  
Abigail A. Fraeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer

Thermal design of Earth-Moon imaging spectrometer load system for high-altitude balloon platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1114004
Author(s):  
杨雨霆 Yang Yuting ◽  
陈立恒 Chen Liheng ◽  
徐赫彤 Xu Hetong ◽  
李世俊 Li Shijun ◽  
吴愉华 Wu Yuhua
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer

The Carbon Fibre Structure for the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on the Solar-B Satellite

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
C Castelli ◽  
R Hagood ◽  
H Mapson-Menard ◽  
B Winter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic

The Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) is a core instrument on the Japanese Solar-B mission and is due for launch in the summer of 2006. EIS is a 3.2 m long telescope employing grating optics and a pair of charge coupled device imaging cameras working in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region in two separate wavelength bands between 170-210 and 240-290 Å. To house all the telescope subsystems, a novel carbon fibre reinforced plastic structure was developed in collaboration with McLaren Composites Limited (UK) to meet a set of the demanding performance requirements in terms of dimensional stability, rigidity, and structural cleanliness as well as being able to survive the harsh launch environment of the Japanese M-V rocket. The final design was based on a honeycomb panel structure using stiff carbon fibre laminates. This case study describes some of the design challenges that were overcome for this project to produce the engineering, mechanical, and thermal models. Particular attention is given to the cleanliness control strategy to preserve the EUV optical throughput, the method of attachment to the spacecraft, and of optical subsystems as well as the instrument thermal design.

scholarly journals Effect of Lunar Complex Illumination on In Situ Measurements Obtained Using Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer of Chang’E-4

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359
Author(s):  
Jiafei Xu ◽  
Meizhu Wang ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Honglei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Near Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer

In-situ measurements of the spectral information on the lunar surface are of significance to study the geological evolution of the Moon. China’s Chang’E-4 (CE-4) Yutu-2 rover has conducted several in-situ spectral explorations on the Moon. The visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS) onboard the rover has acquired a series of in-situ spectra of the regolith at the landing site. In general, the mineralogical research of the lunar surface relies on the accuracy of the in-situ data. However, the spectral measurements of the Yutu-2 rover may be affected by shadows and stray illumination. In this study, we analyzed 106 CE-4 VNIS spectra acquired in the first 24 lunar days of the mission and noted that six of these spectra were affected by the shadows of the rover. Therefore, a method was established to correct the effects of the rover shadow on the spectral measurements. After shadow correction, the FeO content in the affected area is corrected to 14.46 wt.%, which was similar to the result calculated in the normal regolith. Furthermore, according to the visible images, certain areas of the explored sites were noted to be unusually bright. Considering the reflectance, geometric information, and shining patterns of the multi-layer insulation (MLI), we examined the influence of the specular reflection of the MLI on the bright spot regionsd , and found that the five sets of data were likely not affected by the specular reflection of the MLI. The results indicated that the complex illumination considerably influences the in situ spectral data. This study can provide a basis to analyze the VNIS scientific data and help enhance the accuracy of interpretation of the composition at CE-4 landing sites.

scholarly journals Applications of AOTF Spectrometers in In Situ Lunar Measurements

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3454
Author(s):  
Jinning Li ◽  
Yuhua Gui ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
Zehong Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Electrical Modulation ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Temperature Adaptability

Spectrometers based on acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) have several advantages, such as stable temperature adaptability, no moving parts, and wavelength selection through electrical modulation, compared with the traditional grating and Fourier transform spectrometers. Therefore, AOTF spectrometers can realize stable in situ measurement on the lunar surface under wide temperature ranges and low light environments. AOTF imaging spectrometers were first employed for in situ measurement of the lunar surface in the Chinese Chang’e project. The visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer and the lunar mineralogical spectrometer have been successfully deployed on board the Chang’e-3/4 and Chang’e-5 missions. In this review, we investigate the performance indicators, structural design, selected AOTF performance parameters, data acquisition of the three lunar in situ spectral instruments used in the Chang’e missions. In addition, we also show the scientific achievement of lunar technology based on in situ spectral data.

scholarly journals Estimation of Noise in the In Situ Hyperspectral Data Acquired by Chang’E-4 and Its Effects on Spectral Analysis of Regolith

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Honglei Lin ◽  
Yangting Lin ◽  
Yong Wei ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
Low Snr ◽  
Spectral Interpretation ◽  
Geologic Interpretation

The Chang’E-4 (CE-4) spacecraft landed successfully on the far side of the Moon on 3 January 2019, and the rover Yutu-2 has explored the lunar surface since then. The visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS) onboard the rover has acquired numerous spectra, providing unprecedented insight into the composition of the lunar surface. However, the noise in these spectral data and its effects on spectral interpretation are not yet assessed. Here we analyzed repeated measurements over the same area at the lunar surface to estimate the signal–noise ratio (SNR) of the VNIS spectra. Using the results, we assessed the effects of noise on the estimation of band centers, band depths, FeO content, optical maturity (OMAT), mineral abundances, and submicroscopic metallic iron (SMFe). The data observed at solar altitudes <20° exhibit low SNR (25 dB), whereas the data acquired at 20°–35° exhibit higher SNR (35–37 dB). We found differences in band centers due to noise to be ~6.2 and up to 28.6 nm for 1 and 2 μm absorption, respectively. We also found that mineral abundances derived using the Hapke model are affected by noise, with maximum standard deviations of 6.3%, 2.4%, and 7.0% for plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine, respectively. Our results suggest that noise has significant impacts on the CE-4 spectra, which should be considered in the spectral analysis and geologic interpretation of lunar exploration data.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document