Large quality factors in whispering gallery mode resonators with small mode volume

Optical Whispering-Gallery Mode (WGM) resonators can be fabricated with very high quality factors allowing for their use as high resolution sensors in a myriad of fields ranging from quantum electro-dynamics (QED) to pressure sensing. In this paper, we focus on integrating WGM as a dynamic temperature measurement device. The WGM sensors are fabricated onto the heating element, instead of acting as an indirect temperature sensor, allowing for direct monitoring of an area of interest. An adaptation to the WGM theoretical model, to include the thermal expansion of the composite system, is discussed and analyzed.

Download Full-text

Advances in inorganic and hybrid perovskites for miniaturized lasers

Nanophotonics ◽

10.1515/nanoph-2019-0572 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2251-2272 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhengzheng Liu ◽

Sihao Huang ◽

Juan Du ◽

Chunwei Wang ◽

Yuxin Leng

Keyword(s):

Carrier Lifetime ◽

Optical Gain ◽

Whispering Gallery Mode ◽

Travelling Wave ◽

Stimulated Emission ◽

Narrow Linewidth ◽

Quality Factors ◽

Whispering Gallery ◽

Fundamental Properties ◽

Fabry Perot

AbstractThe rapid advancement of perovskite-based optoelectronics devices has caught the world’s attention due to their outstanding properties, such as long carrier lifetime, low defect trap density, large absorption coefficient, narrow linewidth and high optical gain. Herein, the photonic lasing properties of perovskites are reviewed since the first stimulated emission of perovskites observed in 2014. The review is mainly focused on 3D structures based on their inherently active microcavities and externally passive microcavities of the perovskites. First, the fundamental properties in terms of crystal structure and optical characteristics of perovskites are reviewed. Then the perovskite lasers are classified into two sections based on the morphology features: the ability/inability to support lasing behaviors by themselves. Every section is further divided into two kinds of cavities according to the light reflection paths (Standing wave for the Fabry–Pérot cavity and travelling wave for the Whispering-Gallery-Mode cavity). The lasing performance involves fabrication methods, cavity sizes, thresholds, quality factors, pumping sources, etc. Finally, some challenges and prospects for perovskite lasers are given.

Download Full-text

The Calculation of the Evanescent Wave and the Coupling Coefficient of the Whispering-Gallery-Mode Disk Microcavity

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1375 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 121-123 ◽

pp. 1375-1378

Author(s):

Xiao Qin Wang ◽

Qing Zhou ◽

Jun Ying Zeng ◽

Xiao Yun Pu ◽

Xing Zhu

Keyword(s):

Coupling Coefficient ◽

Evanescent Wave ◽

Near Field ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Whispering Gallery Mode ◽

Whispering Gallery ◽

Surface Enhanced ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽

Mode Volume

Ultrahigh-Quality microcavity with whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) is a new kind of resonator with high quality. The evanescent wave of WGM plays an important role in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this paper we study the relationship between coupling coefficient and evanescent wave of the WGM and the coupling character difference between the microsphere and the microstadium. Based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), we calculate the coupling coefficient of different substances (water, C2H5OH, CHCL3, olive oil, C6H6 and CS2) with different dielectric constant and the mode volume ratio of the evanescent wave in microsphere and microstadium of the above substances in near field. The results show that (1) the mode volume ratio of evanescent wave will decrease with the increasing of the coupling coefficient; (2) the microstadium has a higher coupling coefficient than the sphere one.

Download Full-text

Design of X-Cut and Z-Cut Lithium Niobate Whispering-Gallery-Mode Disk-Resonators With High Quality Factors

IEEE Photonics Journal ◽

10.1109/jphot.2017.2727286 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Pan ◽

Guoping Lin ◽

Souleymane Diallo ◽

Xianmin Zhang ◽

Yanne K. Chembo

Keyword(s):

Lithium Niobate ◽

Whispering Gallery Mode ◽

Quality Factors ◽

High Quality ◽

Whispering Gallery ◽

Disk Resonators

Download Full-text

Fine Temperature Measurement and Fabrication of On-Chip Whispering-Gallery Mode Micro-Sensors

ASME 2013 4th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer ◽

10.1115/mnhmt2013-22003 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Frenkel ◽

Marlon Avellan ◽

Zhixiong Guo

Keyword(s):

High Sensitivity ◽

Whispering Gallery Mode ◽

Heat Transfer Analysis ◽

Fabrication Technique ◽

Quality Factors ◽

High Quality ◽

Whispering Gallery ◽

Thermal Measurements ◽

On Chip

Whispering-Gallery mode based optical micro-devices have been demonstrated to have extremely high sensitivity to changes in local temperature owing to their high quality factors and frequency-based measurements. In this paper, we first examine different fabrication techniques for integrating whispering-gallery mode sensors directly onto heating components to realize on-chip in-situ dynamic temperature measurements and monitoring. The merits and drawbacks of each fabrication technique are discussed. Then, the capability of the fabricated on-chip micro-sensors to perform precise real-time thermal measurements was tested, and the findings are discussed. Finally, the advantages of such on-chip sensors are established through heat transfer analysis.

Download Full-text

Whispering-gallery-mode based CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite microrod lasers with high quality factors

Materials Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/c6qm00028b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 477-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Kaiyang Wang ◽

Shang Sun ◽

Chen Zhang ◽

Wenzhao Sun ◽

Zhiyuan Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Factor ◽

Whispering Gallery Mode ◽

High Quality Factor ◽

Quality Factors ◽

High Quality ◽

Whispering Gallery

High-quality-factor whispering gallery mode lasers in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite microrod lasers.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Kerr Noise in Angular-Rate Sensing Based on Mode Splitting in a Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microresonator

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi10020150 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhaohua Yang ◽

Dan Li ◽

Yuzhe Sun

Keyword(s):

Noise Suppression ◽

Angular Rate ◽

Whispering Gallery Mode ◽

Measured Signal ◽

Quality Factors ◽

Whispering Gallery ◽

Mode Splitting ◽

Mathematical Expressions ◽

The Relationship ◽

Self Reference

Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators have shown their potential in high-precision gyroscopes because of their small volume and high-quality factors. However, Kerr noise can always be the limit of accuracy. Angular-rate sensing based on mode splitting treats backscattering as a measured signal, which can induce mode splitting, while it is considered as a main source of noise in conventional resonator optical gyroscopes. Meanwhile, mode splitting also provides superior noise suppression owing to its self-reference scheme. Kerr noise in this scheme has not been defined and solved yet. Here, the mechanism of the Kerr noise in the measurement is analyzed and the mathematical expressions are derived, indicating the relationship between the Kerr noise and the output of the system. The influence caused by Kerr noise on the output is simulated and discussed. Simulations show that the deviation of the splitting caused by Kerr noise is 1.913 × 10−5 Hz at an angular rate of 5 × 106 °/s and the corresponding deviation of the angular rate is 9.26 × 10−9 °/s. It has been proven that angular-rate sensing based on mode splitting offers good suppression of Kerr noise.

Download Full-text