An imaging method of spherical antenna array

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianghuan Liu ◽  
Mengyan Li ◽  
Junshan Li ◽  
Zhiben Lu
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Spherical Antenna

scholarly journals Spherical Scanning 3-D Microwave Imaging of Near-field Scatterers Mutually Coupled With an Antenna Array

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Watanabe ◽  
Hiroyoshi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Imaging ◽  
Spherical Antenna ◽  
Simulation Based

<div>*This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.<br></div><div><br></div>In this article, we propose a 3-D synthetic aperture imaging method with spherical antenna scanning to identify scatterers located close to an antenna array, such as fixtures or support of the antenna. Previous studies have shown that 2-D and 3-D synthetic aperture imaging techniques with planar, circular, and cylindrical scanning can successfully reconstruct spatial images of near-field scatterers. The spherical scanning approach considered in this article is expected to improve the 3-D image resolution because more angular diversity can be achieved in the elevation direction. However, as we show in this study, simple extension of the previous techniques to the spherical case results in undesired blur artifacts in the reconstructed image. To overcome this problem, we introduce a correction factor in the image reconstruction. The proposed imaging algorithm is validated by numerical electromagnetic simulation based on the method of moments.

scholarly journals Spherical Scanning 3-D Microwave Imaging of Near-field Scatterers Mutually Coupled With an Antenna Array

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Watanabe ◽  
Hiroyoshi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Imaging ◽  
Spherical Antenna ◽  
Simulation Based

<div>*This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.<br></div><div><br></div>In this article, we propose a 3-D synthetic aperture imaging method with spherical antenna scanning to identify scatterers located close to an antenna array, such as fixtures or support of the antenna. Previous studies have shown that 2-D and 3-D synthetic aperture imaging techniques with planar, circular, and cylindrical scanning can successfully reconstruct spatial images of near-field scatterers. The spherical scanning approach considered in this article is expected to improve the 3-D image resolution because more angular diversity can be achieved in the elevation direction. However, as we show in this study, simple extension of the previous techniques to the spherical case results in undesired blur artifacts in the reconstructed image. To overcome this problem, we introduce a correction factor in the image reconstruction. The proposed imaging algorithm is validated by numerical electromagnetic simulation based on the method of moments.

scholarly journals Source Localization of EM Waves in the Near-Field of Spherical Antenna Array in the Presence of Unknown Mutual Coupling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Oluwole John Famoriji ◽  
Thokozani Shongwe
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Spherical Antenna

To obtain an antenna array with isotropic radiation, spherical antenna array (SAA) is the right array configuration. The challenges of locating signals transmitted within the proximity of antenna array have been investigated considerably in the literature. However, near-field (NF) source localization of signals has hitherto not been investigated effectively using SAA in the presence of mutual coupling (MC). MC is another critical problem in antenna arrays. This paper presents an NF range and direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation technique via the direction-independent and signal invariant spherical harmonics (SH) characteristics in the presence of mutual coupling. The energy of electromagnetic (EM) signal on the surface of SAA is captured successfully using a proposed pressure interpolation approach. The DoA estimation within the NF region is then calculated via the distribution of pressure. The direction-independent and signal invariant characteristics, which are SH features, are obtained using the DoA estimates in the NF region. We equally proposed a learning scheme that uses the source activity detection and convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate the range of the NF source via the direction-independent and signal invariant features. Considering the MC problem and using the DoA estimates, an accurate spectrum peak in the multipath situation in conjunction with MC and a sharper spectrum peak from a unique MC structure and smoothing algorithms are obtained. For ground truth performance evaluation of the SH features within the context of NF localization, a numerical experiment is conducted and measured data were used for analysis to incorporate the MC and consequently computed the root mean square error (RMSE) of the source range and NF DoA estimate. The results obtained from numerical experiments and measured data indicate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach. In addition, these results are motivating enough for the deployment of the proposed method in practical applications.

scholarly journals Critical Review of Basic Methods on DoA Estimation of EM Waves Impinging a Spherical Antenna Array

Electronics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Oluwole John Famoriji ◽  
Thokozani Shongwe
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Frequency Estimation ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Spherical Antenna ◽  
Line Of Sight Propagation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated

Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation of electromagnetic (EM) waves impinging on a spherical antenna array in short time windows is examined in this paper. Reflected EM signals due to non-line-of-sight propagation measured with a spherical antenna array can be coherent and/or highly correlated in a snapshot. This makes spectral-based methods inefficient. Spectral methods, such as maximum likelihood (ML) methods, multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and beamforming methods, are theoretically and systematically investigated in this study. MUSIC is an approach used for frequency estimation and radio direction finding, ML is a technique used for estimating the parameters of an assumed probability distribution for given observed data, and PWD applies a Fourier transform to the capture response and produces them in the frequency domain. Although they have been previously adapted and used to estimate DoA of EM signals impinging on linear and planar antenna array configurations, this paper investigates their suitability and effectiveness for a spherical antenna array. Various computer simulations were conducted, and plots of root-mean-square error (RMSE) against the square root of the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) were generated and used to evaluate the performance of each method. Numerical experiments and results from measured data show the degree of appropriateness and efficiency of each method. For instance, the techniques exhibit identical performance to that in the wideband scenario when the frequency f = 8 GHz, f = 16 GHz, and f = 32 GHz, but f = 16 GHz performs best. This indicates that the difference between the covariance matrix of the signal is coherent and that the steering vectors of signals impinging from that angle are small. MUSIC and PWD share the same problems in the single-frequency scenario as in the wideband scenario when the delay sample d = 0. Consequently, the DoA estimation obtained with ML techniques is more suitable, less biased, and more robust against noise than beamforming and MUSIC techniques. In addition, deterministic ML (DML) and weighted subspace fitting (WSF) techniques show better DoA estimation performance than the stochastic ML (SML) technique. For a large number of snapshots, WSF is a better choice because it is more computationally efficient than DML. Finally, the results obtained indicate that WSF and ML methods perform better than MUSIC and PWD for the coherent or partially correlated signals studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document