scholarly journals Age group influence for effectiveness study of color symbol scheme on choropleth map of population density in special region of Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfa Nur'aini 'Afifah ◽  
Sudaryatno Sudaryatno
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Effectiveness Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Influence ◽  
Choropleth Map ◽  
Special Region ◽  
Color Symbol

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF CLASSIFICATION METHOD AND COLOR SYMBOL SCHEME ON CHOROPLETH MAP OF POPULATION DENSITY IN SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Z. N. 'Afifah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Color Scheme ◽  
Choropleth Map ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Special Region ◽  
Color Symbol

Abstract. The need for presenting information in maps is increasingly high in various scientific fields. All scientific fields need to present effective data for decision making. Good decision making based on maps requires good understanding but not all scientific fields are familiar with using maps. Supporting factors for easy maps to understand are classification method and color symbol scheme. The purpose of this study was to select and test the classification method and the most effective color symbol scheme for mapping population density in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The classification methods used in this study are constant interval, arithmetic progression, geometric progression, quantile, standard deviation and dispersal graph. The effectiveness test method for the most effective classification method is the proportion assessment. The color symbol scheme used in this study is a sequential color scheme, diverging color schemes, Corel Draw color schemes and color symbol schemes provided in ArcMap 10.3 software. The effectiveness test method for the most effective color symbol scheme is conventional eye tracking. The results showed that according to the proportion test the most effective classification method was the arithmetic interval classification method with results of 0.26. The most effective color symbol scheme in accordance with the effectiveness test using the conventional eye tracking method shows that the most effective color symbol scheme is a diverging color scheme. The important aspects to consider are average answering duration of 8.15 seconds, the accuracy of the answer is 98.9%, and easiness level of symbolization readings is 341. This research can be one of the references on the most effective classification method and reference regarding the selection of the most effective color symbol scheme on Choropleth Map of Population Density in Special Region of Yogyakarta, so that further research can continue the analysis of appropriate classification methods for demographic data. The method discussed in this study is also expected to be applicable to other data.

scholarly journals Ornithocenosis Structure in Fresh and Wet Sudubravas of Kyiv Polissya during the Breeding Period

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
A. V. Plyha
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Species Lists

Abstract This research was carried out in Kyiv Polissya geobotanical province, in one of most common woods type - fresh and wet sudubravas. Its purpose is to determine ornithocenosis structure in different age groups of this type of forest. To achieve that, forest bird species lists were composed, their population density and that of ecological groups of birds were calculated. In the course of the research in the breeding periods of 2013-2014, two-time surveys were carried out on 12 survey routes of total length 33 km. For further analysis, forests were divided into age groups: 0-20 years, 20-40 years, 40-60 years, 60-80 years, 80-100 years and forests over 100 years. Altogether 53 bird species were found. Species lists were poorest in the forests of 0-20 years (18 species), and richest in the forests over 100 years (39 species). Minimal population density was 473 individuals per square kilometer in the youngest forest age group of 0-20 years, maximal - 2155 individuals per square kilometer in pine forests aged over 100 years. Analysis of different population densities of ecological groups reveals steadily growing numbers of hollow-nesting birds and tree-nesting birds in accordance with aging of the forests. In older forests hollow-nesting birds constitute an absolute majority. Population density of another ecological group shows no such direct tendency.

Compensatory reactions of populations to stresses, and their evolutionary significance.

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Evolutionary Progress ◽  
Compensatory Reaction ◽  
Compensatory Reactions

Cultures of Lucilia cuprina which were subjected to different kinds and intensities of stress automatically accommodated themselves to these stresses and maintained themselves in a state of balance under all the varied environmental conditions provided. Compensatory reaction always counteracted in some degree the adverse effects of the stresses to which the insects were subjected. Thus the persistent destruction of a particular age-group always caused more individuals to reach this age, so reducing the effects produced by destruction upon population density. It is shown that density governed compensatory reaction is a necessary counterpart of selection in evolutionary progress.

scholarly journals Incidence and Case-Fatality Ratio of COVID-19 infection in relation to Tobacco Smoking, Population Density and Age Demographics in the USA: could Particulate Matter derived from Tobacco Smoking act as a Vector for COVID-19 transmission?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Muscat Baron
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The State ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Usa

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTobacco smoking is known to increase the risk for bacterial and viral respiratory infections and this also applies to second-hand smoking. Smoking has been shown to increase the severity of COVID-19 infection and the consequent risk for intra-tracheal ventilation in smokers. Tobacco smoking exposes the user and nearby individuals to very high concentrations of particulate matter in a short period of time. Genes appertaining to COVID-19 have been found adherent to particulate matter. Particulate matter has been shown to travel beyond the social distance of 2 metres up to 10 metres. COVID-19 related mortality has been linked to elevated atmospheric levels of the particulate matter, PM2.5. The aim of the study was to observe the incidence of infection rate and case fatality ratios in the USA, comparing States with partial bans on tobacco smoking, to States with more restrictive smoking regulation, exploring a possible link between smoke-related particulate matter and COVID-19 transmission.METHODOLOGYTwo groups of USA States, differentiated by the degree of smoking legislative restrictions, had a number of variables compared. The incidence of COVID-19 infection, case-fatality ratio and testing frequency were obtained from the John Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Centre. The degree of smoking bans in the USA States was obtained from the websites of the Nonsmokers Rights Foundation. The percentage of the State population which smokes was collected from the Centres of Disease Control database. Population density, Body Mass Index and population percentages of individuals 65+/75+years were obtained from databases concerning USA demographics.RESULTSWith the available data there was no significant difference in COVID-19 testing prevalence between the partial smoking ban group and the more restrictive regulated group. The incidence of COVID-19 infection in the States with limited bans on tobacco smoking was 2046/100,000 (sd+/-827) while the infection incidence in States with more restrictive rulings on tobacco smoking was 1660/100,000 (sd+/-686) (p<0.038). The population percentage of smokers in States with minor limitations to smoking was 18.3% (sd+/-3.28), while States with greater smoking restrictions had a smoking population percentage of 15.2% (sd+/-2.68) (p<0.0006).The two populations of both groups did not differ numerically (p<0.24) and numbered 157,820,000 in the partial smoking ban group and 161,439,356 in the more restrictive group. Population density correlated significantly with the case-fatality ratio (R=0.66 p<0.0001), as did the 75+year age group (R=0.29 p<0.04). Reflecting the possibility of trans-border transmission, the smoking status of adjacent partial smoking ban States may influence the COVID-19 incidence of bordering States (e.g. Utah) even if the smoking regulations of the latter were stricter than the former.Other factors that could impact the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA such as the State case-fatality ratio, population density, population percentage with elevated body mass index and the percentage of the state population aged 65years or above did not show any significant difference between both groups of States.CONCLUSIONStates in the USA with high levels of tobacco smoking and limited regulation had significantly higher rates of COVID-19 infection incidences than States with greater smoking restrictions. Population density and the age group of 75+years, showed a positive significant correlation with the case-fatality ratio. Besides the adverse effects of tobacco smoking on pulmonary defences, it would be interesting to explore the possibility of infection transmission via coronavirus-laden particulate matter from exhaled fumes derived from tobacco smoking.

scholarly journals Study of geographical distribution of number of cases of COVID-19 in different areas of Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
T. Mohanty ◽  
P. P. Doke ◽  
K. H. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Case Distribution

Background: Geographical differences in number of COVID-19 cases and death are affected by population density, age, gender distribution and mitigation measures like social distancing etc. The aim of this study was to determine the geographical distribution of number of cases of covid-19 in different areas of Maharashtra. The investigator wants to know, which area, which age group and which gender has been affected the most by COVID-19 along with the effect of lockdown.Methods: Area and population of all the COVID-19 affected area was collected and area wise number of cases till 31st May 2020 was considered. Association between number of COVID-19 cases and population of areas was calculated and gender-wise and age-wise case distribution was also calculated.Results: Cases are more in urban areas mainly in corporation (Chi square=114441; p<0.0001). Age group 31-40 years’ is most affected (11.5 per 100,000 population affected). Young adults as well males were affected most and even though population of children is quite big, they remained less affected (chi square=22117).Conclusions: This COVID-19 is a disease of urban area primarily affecting corporation areas. High population density and overcrowding are mainly responsible for initial phase of this disease only in corporation area. Strict lockdown and other social measures decreased both transmission and mortality rate.

scholarly journals PROFIL SKABIES DIPOLIKLINIK KULIT DAN KELAMIN BLU RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JANUARI – DESEMBER 2012

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Erik Sastra Gunawan ◽  
Renate T. Kandou ◽  
Herry E. J. Pandaleke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The World ◽  
Unhealthy Behaviour ◽  
Keywords Scabies

Abstract: Scabies is a skin disease caused by sentization of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis and its products. Scabies affects skin and highly contagious in humans and animals, affects all races and classes in all over the world. Risk factors of this disease is low socioeconomic, individual’s poor hygiene, dirty environment, unhealthy behaviour, and high population density. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profile of scabies patients in Dermatovenereology clinic of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during the period from January – December 2012. The Method used in this study was descriptive retrospective. The result showed that among 41 scabies patients (3.74%), the highest rate was from age group between 15 – 24 years (29.26%), male (63.41%), most occupation was students (48.78%), most location affected was generalized (80.48%) and most therapy used was anti-scabies combined with antihistamine (60.98%) Keywords: scabies, profile   Abstract: Skabies adalah penyakit kulit yang di sebabkan oleh sensitisasi terhadap sarcoptes scabiei varietas hominis dan produknya. Skabies menyerang kulit dan mudah menular dari manusia ke manusia, dari hewan ke manusia atau sebaliknya, dapat mengenai semua ras dan golongan di seluruh dunia. Faktor risiko penyakit  ini adalah sosial ekonomi yang rendah, higiene perorangan yang jelek, lingkungan yang tidak bersih, perilaku yang tidak sehat, serta kepadatan penduduk. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui profil pasien skabies di poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari  – Desember 2012. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif retrospektif. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan dari 41 penderita skabies (3,74%) terbanyak dari kelompok umur 15 – 24 tahun (29,26%), jenis kelamin laki – laki (63,41%), pekerjaan sebagai pelajar (48,78%), lokasi secara generalisata (80,48%) dan terapi antiskabies yang di kombinasikan dengan antialergi (60,98%). Kata kunci: skabies, profil

scholarly journals Demography and dynamics of mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Mamo ◽  
Michelle A. Pinard ◽  
Afework Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
National Park ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
Transect Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract We studied the population dynamics of endangered mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni between 2003-2005 in the Bale Mountains National Park. Line-transect sampling and total count methods were used to gather data on demographics and movement patterns. The population's age-group composition was 58% adults, 25% sub-adults, 9% juveniles, 5% calves and 3% unidentified with a female-male sex ratio of 2:1. Population density was found to be significantly different between the two sub-populations (Dinsho Sanctuary and Gaysay/Adelay). A significant difference was found for age-group composition across the two sub-populations except adult females, sub-adult males and calves. The Dinsho sub-population was an isolated group. Separation and containment of the mountain nyala population could have negatively affected their ability to search for habitat requirements and mates from distant areas. The population varied between 830-908 individuals (95% CI), a reduction of 45% from earlier reports. However, the mean population density increased due to contraction of the species' habitat range. We observed a population decrease of 2%-5% per year over the course of our study. Many of the assessed demographic parameters did not significantly change over the three years. This suggests that the decrease in nyala population was not due to random variations in reproduction. Anthropogenic factors such as competition with livestock for forage, habitat encroachment and poaching by the local people might have been partly responsible for the depleted population in our study areas.

scholarly journals Characteristic People With Hypertension in Yogyakarta Special Region During The First Year of Covid-19 Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti ◽  
Sulistyawati Sulistyawati ◽  
Budi Aji ◽  
Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti ◽  
Ummul Khair
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Special Region

Since 2017, hypertension was the top first disease in the Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY). It cannot be ignored because hypertension is an entrance for other degenerative diseases. Along with the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 raising our curiosity whether there has been a change in the incidence of hypertension in DIY during this year, then what are its characteristics. This study explores the characteristics of people with hypertension by age group and gender in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Yogyakarta Special Region. A descriptive study was employed in this study, with the main source was the secondary data from the Yogyakarta Special Region health office, the year 2020. Analysis was conducted by univariate tabulation. Data from the Yogyakarta provincial health office shows that in 2020 there will be an increase of more than eight thousand cases of hypertension. In general, this increase was lower than the increase in the previous two years. In 2020, the highest incidence of hypertension was found in women in the age range of 60-69. Meanwhile, in the (15–19) age group, the majority of cases happened in men. This study shows that during 2020, which was the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of hypertension increased but not as high as the previous two years. The majority of hypertension occurred in the 60-69 age group, with the majority in men.

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