Optimizing parameters for inducing repigmentation in subjects with generalized vitiligo: comparing the efficacy of visible light with ultraviolet A1 versus narrowband ultraviolet B (Conference Presentation)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indermeet Kohli ◽  
Alexis B. Lyons ◽  
Raheel Zubair ◽  
Bhavnit Bhatia ◽  
Amanda F. Nahhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Ultraviolet B

scholarly journals An overview of the cutaneous porphyrias

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Dawe
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Underlying Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Iron Overload ◽  
Enzyme Defects

This is an overview of the cutaneous porphyrias. It is a narrative review based on the published literature and my personal experience; it is not based on a formal systematic search of the literature. The cutaneous porphyrias are a diverse group of conditions due to inherited or acquired enzyme defects in the porphyrin–haem biosynthetic pathway. All the cutaneous porphyrias can have (either as a consequence of the porphyria or as part of the cause of the porphyria) involvement of other organs as well as the skin. The single commonest cutaneous porphyria in most parts of the world is acquired porphyria cutanea tarda, which is usually due to chronic liver disease and liver iron overload. The next most common cutaneous porphyria, erythropoietic protoporphyria, is an inherited disorder in which the accumulation of bile-excreted protoporphyrin can cause gallstones and, rarely, liver disease. Some of the porphyrias that cause blistering (usually bullae) and fragility (clinically and histologically identical to porphyria cutanea tarda) can also be associated with acute neurovisceral porphyria attacks, particularly variegate porphyria and hereditary coproporphyria. Management of porphyria cutanea tarda mainly consists of visible-light photoprotection measures while awaiting the effects of treating the underlying liver disease (if possible) and treatments to reduce serum iron and porphyrin levels. In erythropoietic protoporphyria, the underlying cause can be resolved only with a bone marrow transplant (which is rarely justifiable in this condition), so management consists particularly of visible-light photoprotection and, in some countries, narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. Afamelanotide is a promising and newly available treatment for erythropoietic protoporphyria and has been approved in Europe since 2014.

Differential tolerance to ultraviolet-B light and photoenzymatic repair in cladocerans from a Chilean lake

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramos-Jiliberto ◽  
Patricia Dauelsberg ◽  
Luis R. Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Different Doses

In the present study, the sensitivity of four coexisting cladoceran species to ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation was evaluated. First, the LD50 under conditions inhibiting the action of photoenzymatic repair was calculated by exposing cladocerans to different doses of UV-B light only. Animals in another treatment group were exposed to both UV-B and visible light, which allows for photoenzymatic repair. Photoenzymatic repair contributed significantly towards the degree of total tolerance to UV-B light in all groups of cladocerans, although the magnitude of the contribution varied among species. When no photoenzymatic repair was allowed, the most tolerant species was Moina micrura, followed by Daphnia ambigua and Ceriodaphnia dubia, with Diaphanosoma chilense being the most sensitive species. Under conditions permitting the action of photorepair, M. micrura was again the most tolerant species to UV-B light. Ceriodaphnia dubia showed an intermediate tolerance value, whereas D. chilense and D. ambigua were the least tolerant species, with no significant differences between them. Adults and juveniles of C. dubia differed in their sensitivity to UV-B light under conditions with and without photorepair.

scholarly journals Rescue Blankets-Transmission and Reflectivity of Electromagnetic Radiation

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kranebitter ◽  
Bernd Wallner ◽  
Andreas Klinger ◽  
Markus Isser ◽  
Franz J. Wiedermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Blue Band ◽  
Outdoor Sports

Rescue blankets are medical devices made of a polyethylene terephthalate sheet coated with a thin aluminum layer. Blankets are used for protection against hypothermia in prehospital emergency medicine and outdoor sports, but totally different qualities are typical for these multi-functional tools. On the one hand, rescue sheets prevent hypothermia by reducing thermo-convection and diminishing heat loss from evaporation and thermal radiation. On the other hand, the sheets promote cooling by acting as a radiant barrier, by providing shade and even by increasing heat conduction when the sheet is in direct contact with the skin. As foils are watertight and windproof, they can function as vapor barriers and even as stopgap bivouac sacks. We evaluated three experimental studies, one on heat loss by rescue blankets according to surface color, one on transparency with ultraviolet radiation, high-energy visible light and visible light, and one on infrared radiation from rescue blankets. When evaluating the effects of different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum on rescue sheets, we focused on ultraviolet radiation (200–380 nm), high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band (380–450 nm), visible light (380–760 nm) and infrared radiation (7500–13,500 nm). Rescue sheets transmit between 1% and 8% of visible light and about 1% of ultraviolet B radiation (280–315 nm), providing sufficient transparency and adequate protection from snow blindness. Reflection of visible light increases detectability in search and rescue missions performed in good visibility conditions, while reflection of infrared radiation increases detectability in poor visibility conditions and provides protection against hypothermia.

scholarly journals Spectrum of virucidal activity from ultraviolet to infrared radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1262-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Horton ◽  
Angeli Eloise Torres ◽  
Shanthi Narla ◽  
Alexis B. Lyons ◽  
Indermeet Kohli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Virucidal Activity ◽  
Ultraviolet A

There is evidence that other wavelengths beyond the traditional germicidal 254 nm UVC – namely far UVC (222 nm), ultraviolet B, ultraviolet A, visible light, and infrared radiation – have germicidal properties; however, data on UVC is the most robust.

scholarly journals Photostability of TiO2-Coated Wool Fibers Exposed to Ultraviolet B, Ultraviolet A, and Visible Light Irradiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Tang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Ye Han ◽  
Dou Wang ◽  
Hailiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Orientation Degree ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wool Fibers

Abstract This study is to investigate the role of the coating of TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on wool fibers against high-intensity ultraviolet B (UVB), ultraviolet A (UVA), and visible light irradiation. The properties of tensile and yellowness and whiteness indices of irradiated TiO2-coated wool fibers are measured. The changes of TiO2-coated wool fibers in optical property, thermal stability, surface morphology, composition, molecular structure, crystallinity, and orientation degree are characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electronic microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Experimental results show that the tensile properties of anatase TiO2-coated wool fibers can be degraded under the high-intensity UVB, UVA, and visible light irradiation for a certain time, resulting in the loss of the postyield region of stress–strain curve for wool fibers. The coating of TiO2 nanoparticles makes a certain contribution to the tensile property, yellowness and whiteness indices, thermal stability, and surface morphology of wool fibers against high-intensity UVB, UVA, and visible light irradiation. The high-intensity UVB, UVA, and visible light can result in the photo-oxidation deterioration of the secondary structure of TiO2-coated wool fibers to a more or less degree. Meanwhile, the crystallinity and orientation degree of TiO2 coated wool fibers decrease too.

The Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Emulsion as UV Blocking

2010 ◽  
Vol 93-94 ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thammarat Panyatanmaporn ◽  
Jittiporn Kruenate ◽  
Chuanchom Aumnate ◽  
Thammarak Sooksomsong
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Emulsion Method ◽  
Infrared Rays ◽  
Absorbing Materials ◽  
Uv Absorbers

The solar light consists of ultraviolet, visible and infrared ray. The ultraviolet and infrared rays, unlike visible ray, are not benefit to photosynthesis. Inorganic ultraviolet absorbing materials are mostly in crystallised phase such as TiO2, ZnO and CeO2 which caused lower transmittion in visible range. As known that, the commercial organic UV absorbers can absorb only the appointed UV wavelength. TiO2 emulsion for ultraviolet blocking was synthesized in this project in order to overcome such poor transmittion behavior. The preparative TiO2 emulsion can absorb UV completely without interfering the visible light transmittance. This is because the synthesized TiO2 via emulsion method was mainly an amorphous phase. The obtained composite film containing amorphous phase of TiO2 shows 80-90% transmittance of the visible light, 20-70% absorbance of ultraviolet A and 70-95 % absorbance of ultraviolet B.

scholarly journals Metabolome and transcriptome profiling provide insights into green apple peel reveals light- and UV-B-responsive pathway in anthocyanins accumulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Ding ◽  
Xingkai Che ◽  
Zhen Shen ◽  
Yuanhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Abstract Background In nature, green apple are associated with the accumulation of chlorophyll, while red apple varieties are associated with anthocyanins accumulation. Notably, in this study, the green skin color apple variety ‘white winter pearmain’ treated with ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exhibited red skins and marked anthocyanin accumulation, while visible light could not. But there are few reports on the biosynthesis difference of anthocyanins in green apple by visible light and UV-B-treatment. Here, we explored the difference of metabolites and genes expression level in green apple by transcriptomic and metabolic. Results The metabolic analysis revealed that there were 152 and 178 significantly changed metabolites in the visible light and UV-B-treated green apple, respectively, compared to the control, and flavone, flavonol, and anthocyanin were the most significantly increased; and transcriptomic analysis showed that 37,110 and 37,709 differentially expressed genes, including 382 and 475 transcription factors (TFs) were detected in light and UV-B-treatment fruit, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results confirmed changes in the expression levels of genes encoding metabolites involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathways. The flavonoid metabolic flux in the UV-B treatment increased the accumulation of cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside compared to under the light-treatment. Furthermore, we performed qRT-PCR analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and predicted the gene of MD00G1134400 (a UDP glucose-flavonoid 3–0-glucosyltransferase) may be a candidate gene for anthocyanins accumulation and highly expressed in UV-B-treatment fruit. Expression profiles of several transcription factors of the families MYB, bHLH, NAC were highly correlated with the content of the anthocyanin. Conclusions The composition and contents of anthocyanins in green apple in UV-B-treatment very greatly. A series of metabolites and candidate genes were revealed through combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome. These results provide an important data for dissecting candidate genes and molecular basis governing green apple color formation in response to visible light and UV-B light.

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