The effect of grinding processing parameters on aspheric small-scale waviness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiancai Wei ◽  
Lian Zhou ◽  
Xianhua Chen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Qinghua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Small Scale

scholarly journals Modeling of Linear and Non-linear Compression Processes of Sunflower Bulk Oilseeds

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Kabutey ◽  
David Herak ◽  
Himsar Ambarita ◽  
Riswanti Sigalingging
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Deformation Curves ◽  
Universal Compression ◽  
Oil Expression ◽  
Theoretical Pressure ◽  
Linear Compression

The present study aimed at describing the experimental and theoretical force-deformation curves of sunflower bulk oilseeds at varying initial pressing heights and vessel diameters as well as determining the theoretical pressure and energy along the screw press FL 200 pressing chambers. The design of efficient oil expression systems for industry and small-scale application remains a major challenge to engineers and researchers. In attempting to solve the problem, it is important to understand the linear compression process and to transfer the knowledge to the industry involving mechanical screw presses. The universal compression testing machine at a preset load of 200 kN and a speed of 5 mm·min−1, tangent curve model and the screw press FL 200 geometry parameters were applied. The obtained results of pressure and energy along the screw pressing chambers (1–7) ranged from 0.31 to 101.653 MPa and 12.616 to 1231.228 J. Applying the tangent model at n = 1 and n = 2, the cumulative pressure decreased with increasing vessel diameters while energy increased. The study provides useful information for the analysis of other bulk oilseeds and optimizing the processing parameters of screw press FL 200 and the design and development of new oil presses.

Studies on Shielded Active Gas Forge Welded API 5CT L80 Material at Different Cooling Rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vinothkumar ◽  
S.M. Ganesan ◽  
Jan K. Solberg ◽  
B. Salberg ◽  
P.T. Moe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Controlled Cooling ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Solid State Bonding ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Grade Material

Shielded Active Gas Forge Welding (SAG-FW) is a solid state bonding process in which two mating surfaces are locally heated and forged together to form a bond. SAG-FW has so far mainly been used to join materials for pipe-line and casing applications. The present study has been conducted on an API 5CT L80 grade material in a prototype forge welding machine. Small-scale pipe specimens have been extracted from the wall of the production casing. The SAG-FW process is completed within a few seconds of heating and forging followed by controlled cooling. The microstructure of the weld is determined by the processing parameters. In this paper, microstructure results for SAG-FW processed L80 material have been obtained for a range of cooling rates and systematically compared with microhardness values. Microstructure observations at different regions of the weld have been made. Faster heating rate and controlled cooling resulted in a mixture of non equilibrium microstructures, but satisfactory mechanical properties have been obtained for optimized processing parameters.

scholarly journals Determination of Critical Processing Parameters During Instant Ginger Drink Production in Small Scale Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Teti Estiasih ◽  
Kgs Ahmadi ◽  
Indria Purwantiningrum
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Sedimentation Time

Ginger is very rich in bioactive compounds and has beneficial effects on health. Ginger based products are assumed as herbal to prevent diseases and maintain health. One of ginger based products is instant ginger drink. This product is processed simply, principally by crystallization of sugar. This study was aimed to determine critical processing parameters, as well as control and critical control points during instant ginger drink production at small scale industry. Processing parameters evaluation were method of size reduction (grating and blending), sedimentation time, and ginger to sugar ratio. Analysis of control and critical control points were performed for all steps of processing. The result showed that method of size reduction did not affect time and yield. Sedimentation time affected residual starch content of ginger extract. Ginger to sugar ratio had significant effect on crystallization time. Control points and critical control point have been established for instant ginger drink production. All steps in instant ginger drink processing are control points, except crystallization which is a critical control point.

Effect of Rolling Parameters on the Low-Temperature Toughness and Microstructure of High-Strength Linepipe Steel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stallybrass ◽  
A. Völling ◽  
H. Meuser ◽  
F. Grimpe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Low Temperature Toughness ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Electron

In recent years, large-diameter pipe producers around the world have witnessed a growing interest to develop gas fields in arctic environments in order to fulfill the energy demand. High-strength linepipe grades are attractive for economic reasons, because they offer the benefit of a reduced wall thickness at a given operating pressure. Excellent low-temperature toughness of the material is essential under these conditions. Modern high-strength heavy plates used in the production of UOE pipes are produced by thermomechanical rolling followed by accelerated cooling (TMCP). The combination of high strength and high toughness of these steels is a result of the bainitic microstructure and is strongly influenced by the processing parameters. For this reason, the relationship between rolling and cooling parameters of heavy plate production, the low-temperature toughness and the microstructure is at the center of attention of the development efforts at Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung (SZMF) in collaboration Salzgitter Mannesmann Grobblech (SMGB). It has been shown previously that a variation of the processing parameters has a direct influence on the microstructure and correlates with mechanical properties that are accessible via small-scale tests. Modern characterization methods such as scanning electron microscopy in combination with electron backscatter diffraction have broadened our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and have helped to define processing conditions for the production of heavy plates with optimized low-temperature toughness in small scale tests. Within the present paper, the results of a recent laboratory investigation of the effect of a systematic variation of rolling parameters on the microstructure and low-temperature toughness of as-rolled and pre-strained Charpy specimens are discussed. In these trials, final rolling temperatures above the onset of the ferrite-austenite transformation and cooling stop temperatures above the martensite start temperature were selected. The microstructure of the plates was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. In a series of Charpy tests in a specific temperature range, it was found that plate material in the as-rolled condition is not strongly sensitive to variations of the selected processing parameters, whereas pre-straining the Charpy specimens made it possible to assess the potential of individual processing concepts particularly with regard to low-temperature toughness. In addition to Charpy testing, the toughness was also quantified via instrumented drop-weight tear (DWT) testing. By comparing total energy values from regular pressed-notch DWT-test specimens to J-integral values determined in drop-weight testing of pre-fatigued DWT-test specimens, the impact of variations of specimen type on material tearing resistance is shown.

Electrospun Nanofibre Cores Containing Graphene Oxide for Sandwich Films: Manufacturing and Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rao ◽  
D. Liu ◽  
P. Jaiswal ◽  
Sudip Ray ◽  
Debes Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wear Resistant Coatings

The motivation for the need of small-scale devices has made thin films technologically important in the recent years. They have found applications in broad fields, such as microelectronic integrated circuits, magnetic information storage systems, optical coatings and wear resistant coatings. However, the mechanical performance of these materials tends to depend on fabrication and post-processing parameters. With the intent of improving the mechanical properties of the films, a relatively novel concept of sandwich composite films has been tried in this research. Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Graphene Oxide (GO) have been used to manufacture the sandwich films, where PMMA films have served as the facings and electrospun PMMA/GO nanofibre mat forms the sandwich core. Dimethylformamide (DMF) and Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvents are used in suitable proportions to dissolve PMMA, and then GO is added to this solution to obtain a uniform suspension of PMMA/GO for electrospinning. The mechanical and functional properties depend on the fibre quality and their distributions in the mat, which in turn depends on the concentration of the solution. Therefore, design of experiments based on mixture analysis was used to identify the solution concentration for obtaining uniform fibre diameters and their distribution throughout the electrospun core. The analysis suggested 23% PMMA and 2% GO concentrations in the solution would give uniform fibre diameters and dispersion throughout the mat.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of a Thermoforming Apparatus Using Axiomatic Design Theory and Taguchi Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trieu Khoa Nguyen ◽  
Anh-Duc Pham ◽  
Minh Quang Chau ◽  
Xuan Chien Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Anh Duong Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Axiomatic Design ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Axiomatic Design Theory

Abstract In this study, an experimental investigation of the development of a thermoforming apparatus and the thickness uniformity of its samples was performed based on the axiomatic design theory in conjunction with the Taguchi method. Thermoforming is a powerful tool for both consumer product needs and packaging industry. Such traditional technology has been investigated in many aspects for a long time ago. However, there are still needs for the development and characterization of thermoforming devices aiming at shorter construction time and less cost involved. Therefore, an experimental analysis was performed to systematically realize all the functional structures of the device using axiomatic design theory. The combination of orthogonal array (OA) and analysis of variance revealed the influences of the relatival processing factors, showing that the thickness of the plastic sheet and areal draw ratio had crucial roles to play. Furthermore, an optimization process using the Taguchi method was utilized to determine all accurate and optimum processing parameters. The outcomes obviously verified that the present combination method can overcome the current development and optimization method’s limitation and also conclusively give accurate optimal outcomes without using complicated algorithms and software solutions. Therefore, it promises a simple and powerful tool for engineers on-site in medium or small scale manufactories.

Constitutive Relationship Development, Modeling and Measurement of Heat Stressing of Micro-SMD Assembly With Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu SAC Alloy

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Xiao ◽  
William D. Armstrong ◽  
James M. Pitarresi ◽  
Satish C. Chaparala ◽  
Brian D. Rogeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cast Material ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Using Data

The Creep and microstructural changes during creep behaviors of bulk and thin cast forms of Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu were compared. The processing parameters of the thin cast material was selected to result in a very fine microstructure analogous to what occurs in very small size solder electronic interconnections. We found that the thin cast material was less creep-resistant than the bulk material. A comparison of Ag element maps between as crept bulk and thin cast material showed that the relevant climb process occurs in a very different environment in the bulk material as compared to the thin cast material. In the bulk material the relevant climb process occurs within a finely dispersed IMC eutectic which covers broad areas within the material. In the thin cast material the relevant climb process occurs primarily in the beta-Sn grains which continuously surround isolated, coarse IMC particles. This resulted in the activation energy of the bulk material being larger than that for the thin cast material. Finally, it is important to note that the strength deficiency of the thin cast material was persistent, once the material is cast in thin cast form it will remain weak in comparison to the bulk material. Therefore, using data obtained from bulk material samples for the construction of thermo-mechanical models of very small scale solder interconnections is likely to result in significant, intrinsic errors. Second, the thermal-mechanical response of electronic packages was simulated using the commercial finite element code ANSYS coupled with the Garofalo model to represent the solder constitutive creep response. The measured properties for bulk and thin-cast Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu SAC alloy were used in the FE modeling. A 36 I/O micro-surface mount device (SMD) package was used as a test vehicle in this work. Moire´ Interferometry was used to measure the horizontal displacements in the solder joints as a result of cooling the package from 100°C to room temperature. Modeling results were found to have good agreement with moire´ measurements on the actual SAC packages. The bulk properties produced a better correlation with the measurement of the horizontal displacement in the solder joints than the thin-cast properties. However, the assemblies that were tested used the Sn3.8Ag0.6Cu alloy rather than the Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu alloy. It is not known if this difference is significant to the thermo-mechanical response.

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

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