scholarly journals An equivalent F-number for light field systems: light efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, and depth of field

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Ihrke
Keyword(s):  
Light Field ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Field Systems ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Light Efficiency

scholarly journals Lens-free Multi-Laser Spectral Light-Field Fusion Microscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnoud Kazemzadeh ◽  
Alexander Wong
Keyword(s):  
Light Field ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Light Fields ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Pulsed Mode ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Spectral Complex

<p>We present a device and method for performing lens-free spectral<br />light-field fusion microscopy at sub-pixel resolutions while taking<br />advantage of the large field-of-view capability. A collection of<br />lasers at different wavelengths is used in pulsed mode and enables<br />the capture of interferometric light-field encodings of a specimen<br />placed near the detector. Numerically fusing the spectral complex<br />light-fields obtained from the encodings produces an image of the<br />specimen at higher resolution and signal-to-noise-ratio while suppressing<br />various aberrations and artifacts.</p>

scholarly journals Protocol for the Design and Assembly of a Light Sheet Light Field Microscope

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Madrid-Wolff ◽  
Manu Forero-Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Single Camera ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Recent Method ◽  
Noise Ratio

Light field microscopy is a recent development that makes it possible to obtain images of volumes with a single camera exposure, enabling studies of fast processes such as neural activity in zebrafish brains at high temporal resolution, at the expense of spatial resolution. Light sheet microscopy is also a recent method that reduces illumination intensity while increasing the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to confocal microscopes. While faster and gentler to samples than confocals for a similar resolution, light sheet microscopy is still slower than light field microscopy since it must collect volume slices sequentially. Nonetheless, the combination of the two methods, i.e., light field microscopes that have light sheet illumination, can help to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of light field microscopes and potentially improve their resolution. Building these microscopes requires much expertise, and the resources for doing so are limited. Here, we present a protocol to build a light field microscope with light sheet illumination. This protocol is also useful to build a light sheet microscope.

scholarly journals Comparing volumetric reconstruction algorithms for light field imaging of high signal-to-noise ratio neuronal calcium transients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel L. Howe ◽  
Peter Quicke ◽  
Pingfan Song ◽  
Herman Verinaz Jadan ◽  
Pier Luigi Dragotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Field ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Fast Light

AbstractLight field microscopy (LFM) enables fast, light efficient, volumetric imaging of neuronal activity with functional fluorescence indicators. Here we apply LFM to single-cell and bulk-labeled imaging of the red calcium dye, CaSiR-1 in acute mouse brain slices. We compare two common light field volume reconstruction algorithms: synthetic refocusing and Richardson-Lucy 3D deconvolution. We compare temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial signal confinement between the two LFM algorithms and conventional widefield image series. Both algorithms can resolve calcium signals from neuronal processes in three dimensions. Increasing deconvolution iteration number improves spatial signal confinement but reduces SNR compared to synthetic refocusing.

scholarly journals The Most Efficient Tool for very High Resolution and very High Signal to Noise Ratio Spectral Observation of Stars

1988 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
S. Y. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Spectral Observation ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Large Telescope ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Very High ◽  
Light Efficiency

Today even for the most efficient spectrograph combined with a large telescope the light efficiency is only about 0.01 to 0.1 for spectral resolving power R larger than 10000 in optical wavelength band (OWB). Consequently for a very high signal to noise ratio spectral observation of rather bright stars still needs very large telescope. The main reason is that there are too many optical surface with rather low light efficiency and serious light loss at the limited slit width. In this paper we suggest a very high efficiency telescope-spectrograph system which will give an overall light efficiency varied from 0.21 at 400 nm to 0.44 at 700 nm, four fold higher than before. Using this system for R = 100000, S/N larger than 100 the limiting magnitude will be about 15.

Determination of the Best Emulsion for the Microscopy of Crystals

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
David A. Grano ◽  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Noise Ratio

The retrieval of high-resolution information from images of biological crystals depends, in part, on the use of the correct photographic emulsion. We have been investigating the information transfer properties of twelve emulsions with a view toward 1) characterizing the emulsions by a few, measurable quantities, and 2) identifying the “best” emulsion of those we have studied for use in any given experimental situation. Because our interests lie in the examination of crystalline specimens, we've chosen to evaluate an emulsion's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of spatial frequency and use this as our critereon for determining the best emulsion.The signal-to-noise ratio in frequency space depends on several factors. First, the signal depends on the speed of the emulsion and its modulation transfer function (MTF). By procedures outlined in, MTF's have been found for all the emulsions tested and can be fit by an analytic expression 1/(1+(S/S0)2). Figure 1 shows the experimental data and fitted curve for an emulsion with a better than average MTF. A single parameter, the spatial frequency at which the transfer falls to 50% (S0), characterizes this curve.

Experiments in Bright-Field Imaging with Hollow-Cone Illumination

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
W. Kunath ◽  
K. Weiss ◽  
E. Zeitler
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Field Imaging

Bright-field images taken with axial illumination show spurious high contrast patterns which obscure details smaller than 15 ° Hollow-cone illumination (HCI), however, reduces this disturbing granulation by statistical superposition and thus improves the signal-to-noise ratio. In this presentation we report on experiments aimed at selecting the proper amount of tilt and defocus for improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio by means of direct observation of the electron images on a TV monitor.Hollow-cone illumination is implemented in our microscope (single field condenser objective, Cs = .5 mm) by an electronic system which rotates the tilted beam about the optic axis. At low rates of revolution (one turn per second or so) a circular motion of the usual granulation in the image of a carbon support film can be observed on the TV monitor. The size of the granular structures and the radius of their orbits depend on both the conical tilt and defocus.

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