Characterization of quartz etched depth and optical density of opaque pattern for the wafer CD behavior on advanced mask

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Chou ◽  
Jeffrey Cheng ◽  
C. H. Twu ◽  
Adder Lee ◽  
Chih Hsuan Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Etched Depth

Preparation and characterization of sol–gel silica based neutral optical density coatings by the addition of graphite particles

2003 ◽  
Vol 423 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L Almaral-Sanchez ◽  
J Alvarez-Quintana ◽  
C Araujo-Andrade ◽  
J.A Calderón-Guillén ◽  
H Carrillo-Esquivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Graphite Particles

Investigation on Modified Humic Substances Based Binders for Iron Ore Agglomeration

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihong Han ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Guanghui Li ◽  
Yanfang Huang ◽  
Yuanbo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Optical Density Ratio

Characterization of modified humic substances based binders for iron ore agglomeration was examined by chemical analysis, optical density, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC). Chemical analysis displays the proportion of fulvic acid (FA) to humic acid (HA) in the binder is 1:10. Compared with the HA, the FA possesses more functional groups. Meantime, optical density ratio analysis shows that the molecular weight and aromatization degree of the FA are smaller than those of the HA. FTIR spectra further confirm aromatic and aliphatic fractions are associated with various types of oxygen-rich groups including carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. TG–DSC and chemical analysis indicate structural changes of the binder including thermal decomposition, dehydroxylation and/or decarboxylation are caused during heating. The structural characterization of the binder ensures its good performance in the field of iron ore agglomeration.

Isolation and characterization of bacterial diversity from soils supplemented with electrical transformer fluids

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Nwinyi Obinna C ◽  
Alade Adetutu ◽  
Leo‐ Akpan Imaobong R ◽  
Oladele Bolaji.O
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Biomass Increase

Repetitive enrichment of soils samples from an agricultural land and newly marked dumpsite on electrical transformer fluid yielded six bacterial species that have the capacity to utilize electrical transformer fluids (askarel) as carbon and energy source. Bacterial species namely: Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas spp, Norcadia and Corynebacterium were identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics. The abilities of these bacterial species to utilize the electrical transformer fluids as carbon source in minimal salt medium (MSM); sub cultured in concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20μL of electrical transformer fluids were investigated for twenty‐one days period. Physiological changes in terms of biomass increase were monitored by measuring the pH and optical density of the culture medium. From the results obtained, there was observed a general decrease in the pH and  increase in Optical density (O.D). The mean pH and O.D. readings ranged between (4.34‐6.13 and 0.073‐0.386) respectively. The decreased pH could justify for the acidic metabolites produced in the course of utilization of askarel as growth substrates. This study suggested that, the tropical ecosystems can provide exotic bacterial species that are capable of degrading or mineralizing polychlorinated biphenyls and their derivatives from dumpsites and agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pregnancy Specific Protein B (PSPB) from Placenta Foetalis (Cotyledon) Friesian Holstein Cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Samik
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Protein B

This research was aimed to find out a substance that was useful in early pregnancy diagnosis of Friesian Holstein cows. Pregnancy Specific Protein B (PSPB) was isolated, purified and partially characterized from cotyledon Friesian Holstein cows. Characterization of PSPB protein was conducted using SDS-PAGE and Western Blot. Antisera were developed against PSPB and by immunohistochemical techniques the protein was localized to the binucleated cells of the cotyledon. The estimated molecular size of Friesian Holstein cows PSPB was 59.88 kDa with the concentration of PSPB protein in cotyledon was 6480 ng/ml. PSPB protein could induce anti-PSPB antibody with the value of optical density (OD) were 0.179±0.0102 (before immunization); 1.466±0.3288 (3rd week after immunization); 1.936±0.4754 (1st week after booster;) and 2.256±0.4842 (2nd week after booster).

scholarly journals A Technique for Section Thickness Evaluation for Microphotometry and Image Analysis of Sectioned Nuclei

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Cabrini ◽  
A. Folco ◽  
S. Orrea ◽  
M. T. Savino ◽  
A. M. Schwint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Section Thickness ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Paraffin Block ◽  
Dna Measurements ◽  
Different Thickness

The exact knowledge of the section thickness is a requisite for making the necessary corrections on DNA measurements in tissue sections. Several methods have been proposed to evaluate section thickness, each of them with advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of specimen and equipment available. We herein report another method based on preparation of standard material whose optical density varies as a function of its thickness and is sectioned and measured alongside the tissue specimen. The standards consist of celloidin cylinders stained with the PAS reaction and embedded in paraffin. For prior characterization of the cylinders, sections of different thickness were obtained and mounted. The optical density of each section was measured by direct microphotometry or image analysis. The actual thickness of each section was evaluated following re-embedding of piled groups of sections in a paraffin block and transversal sectioning. The thickness was then measured with a micrometric eye-piece. Optical density and actual thickness of each section were plotted on a normogram curve. Once a given tissue is sectioned alongside with the reference cylinder, the actual thickness is determined by its optical density on the normogram curve.

scholarly journals Spectral characterization of humic acids in soils of medium-dry steppe pedoekoton of North-Western Prichernomorya

2013 ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Grigoriy Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Spectral Methods ◽  
Spectral Characterization ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
North Western

Spectral methods established genetic and geographic characteristics of humic acids in soils of medium-dry Steppe pedoekoton. It was determined that in terms of the optical density of the soil of transition from dry to medium Steppe are southern chernozems. Key words: optical density, humic acid, southern chernozems, dark kastanozems.

scholarly journals Optical multi-channel interrogation instrument for bacterial colony characterization

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247721
Author(s):  
Iyll-Joon Doh ◽  
Huisung Kim ◽  
Jennifer Sturgis ◽  
Bartek Rajwa ◽  
J. Paul Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Optical Channels ◽  
Measurement Channels ◽  
Pin Photodiodes ◽  
Single Instrument

A single instrument that includes multiple optical channels was developed to simultaneously measure various optical and associated biophysical characteristics of a bacterial colony. The multi-channel device can provide five distinct optical features without the need to transfer the sample to multiple locations or instruments. The available measurement channels are bright-field light microscopy, 3-D colony-morphology map, 2-D spatial optical-density distribution, spectral forward-scattering pattern, and spectral optical density. The series of multiple morphological interrogations is beneficial in understanding the bio-optical features of a bacterial colony and the correlations among them, resulting in an enhanced power of phenotypic bacterial discrimination. To enable a one-shot interrogation, a confocal laser scanning module was built as an add-on to an upright microscope. Three different-wavelength diode lasers were used for the spectral analysis, and high-speed pin photodiodes and CMOS sensors were utilized as detectors to measure the spectral OD and light-scatter pattern. The proposed instrument and algorithms were evaluated with four bacterial genera, Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus; their resulting data provided a more complete picture of the optical characterization of bacterial colonies.

scholarly journals FTIR Spectroscopy and Optical Density Characterization of Humic Substances Extracted from Reclaimed Alkali Soils under Different Tillage and Management Practices

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Shiva N. Suman ◽  
Nayan Ahmed ◽  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Samar C. Datta ◽  
K. M. Manjaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage

In the present investigation, different tillage and management practices interventions were assessed to note the changes in the composition of humic substances using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques, optical density (E4/E6) measurement and elemental composition of humic acid. One uncultivated and four reclaimed alkali surface (0-0.15 m) soil samples after adoption of four years different tillage and management practices were collected from Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal. Optical density (E4/E6) of fulvic acid was higher than that of humic acid. This was due to the more condensed and more matured nature of humic acid than fulvic acid. The trend of E4/E6 ratio was farmers practices in rice-fallow-wheat cropping system with puddled rice and conventional tillage wheat without crop residue addition (FP in R-F-W) > integrated crop and resource management in rice-wheat-mungbean cropping system (ICRM in R-W-M)> futuristic and diversified (CA) based system of maize-wheat-mungbean cropping system (FDCA in M-W-M) >UnK> Conservation agriculture (CA) based system in rice-wheat-mungbean cropping system (CA in R-W-M). The highest stability was recorded in CA in R-W-M and the lowest in FP in R-F-W. Elemental composition of extracted humic acid revealed that carbon content in humic acid varied from 47.53% in uncultivated soils to 51.32% in ICRM in R-W-M. The nitrogen content in humic acid varied from 4.38% in FDCA in M-W-M to 4.89% in CA in R-W-M. Soils having the lowest C/N value was observed 10.03 in CA in R-W-M and the highest C/N ratio of value 11.72 was recorded in FDCA in M-W-M. Wave no.  (cm-1) & proposed functional group of extracted humic acid revealed that FTIR peak at 1507-1508 cm-1 in CA in R-W-M, aromatic -C=C- peak was absent in FDCA in M-W-M and in FP in R-F-W it was replaced by aliphatic C-H stretch.

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