Modelling of airborne pollen dispersion in the atmosphere in the Catalonia region, Spain: model description, emission scheme and evaluation of model performance for the case of Pinus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Sicard ◽  
Oriol Jorba ◽  
Rebeca Izquierdo ◽  
Marta Alarcón ◽  
Concepción De Linares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Pollen Dispersion

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Hydrological Model Structure and Parametrization Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Mostafa Farrag ◽  
Gerald Corzo Perez ◽  
Dimitri Solomatine
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Spatial Sensitivity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Set Up

Many grid-based spatial hydrological models suffer from the complexity of setting up a coherent spatial structure to calibrate such a complex, highly parameterized system. There are essential aspects of model-building to be taken into account: spatial resolution, the routing equation limitations, and calibration of spatial parameters, and their influence on modeling results, all are decisions that are often made without adequate analysis. In this research, an experimental analysis of grid discretization level, an analysis of processes integration, and the routing concepts are analyzed. The HBV-96 model is set up for each cell, and later on, cells are integrated into an interlinked modeling system (Hapi). The Jiboa River Basin in El Salvador is used as a case study. The first concept tested is the model structure temporal responses, which are highly linked to the runoff dynamics. By changing the runoff generation model description, we explore the responses to events. Two routing models are considered: Muskingum, which routes the runoff from each cell following the river network, and Maxbas, which routes the runoff directly to the outlet. The second concept is the spatial representation, where the model is built and tested for different spatial resolutions (500 m, 1 km, 2 km, and 4 km). The results show that the spatial sensitivity of the resolution is highly linked to the routing method, and it was found that routing sensitivity influenced the model performance more than the spatial discretization, and allowing for coarser discretization makes the model simpler and computationally faster. Slight performance improvement is gained by using different parameters’ values for each cell. It was found that the 2 km cell size corresponds to the least model error values. The proposed hydrological modeling codes have been published as open-source.

scholarly journals LPJmL4 – a dynamic global vegetation model with managed land – Part 2: Model evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibyll Schaphoff ◽  
Matthias Forkel ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Jürgen Knauer ◽  
Werner von Bloh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Managed Ecosystems ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract. The dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL4 is a process-based model that simulates climate and land use change impacts on the terrestrial biosphere, agricultural production, and the water and carbon cycle. Different versions of the model have been developed and applied to evaluate the role of natural and managed ecosystems in the Earth system and the potential impacts of global environmental change. A comprehensive model description of the new model version, LPJmL4, is provided in a companion paper (Schaphoff et al., 2018c). Here, we provide a full picture of the model performance, going beyond standard benchmark procedures and give hints on the strengths and shortcomings of the model to identify the need for further model improvement. Specifically, we evaluate LPJmL4 against various datasets from in situ measurement sites, satellite observations, and agricultural yield statistics. We apply a range of metrics to evaluate the quality of the model to simulate stocks and flows of carbon and water in natural and managed ecosystems at different temporal and spatial scales. We show that an advanced phenology scheme improves the simulation of seasonal fluctuations in the atmospheric CO2 concentration, while the permafrost scheme improves estimates of carbon stocks. The full LPJmL4 code including the new developments will be supplied open source through https://gitlab.pik-potsdam.de/lpjml/LPJmL. We hope that this will lead to new model developments and applications that improve the model performance and possibly build up a new understanding of the terrestrial biosphere.

Planned Burn-Piedmont. A local operational numerical meteorological model for tracking smoke on the ground at night: model development and sensitivity tests

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Achtemeier
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Tracking Model ◽  
Hygroscopic Particles

Smoke from both prescribed fires and wildfires can, under certain meteorological conditions, become entrapped within shallow layers of air near the ground at night and get carried to unexpected destinations as a combination of weather systems push air through interlocking ridge–valley terrain typical of the Piedmont of the Southern United States. Entrapped smoke confined within valleys is often slow to disperse. When moist conditions are present, hygroscopic particles within smoke may initiate or augment fog formation. With or without fog, smoke transported across roadways can create visibility hazards. Planned Burn (PB)-Piedmont is a fine scale, time-dependent, smoke tracking model designed to run on a PC computer as an easy-to-use aid for land managers. PB-Piedmont gives high-resolution in space and time predictions of smoke movement within shallow layers at the ground over terrain typical of that of the Piedmont. PB-Piedmont applies only for weather conditions when smoke entrapment is most likely to occur––at night during clear skies and light winds. This paper presents the model description and gives examples of model performance in comparison with observations of entrapped smoke collected during two nights of a field project. The results show that PB-Piedmont is capable of describing the movement of whole smoke plumes within the constraints for which the model was designed.

scholarly journals LPJmL4 – a dynamic global vegetation model with managed land: Part II – Model evaluation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibyll Schaphoff ◽  
Matthias Forkel ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Jürgen Knauer ◽  
Werner von Bloh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Terrestrial Biosphere ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ◽  
New Model ◽  
Managed Ecosystems ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract. The dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL4 is a process-based model that simulates climate and land-use change impacts on the terrestrial biosphere, the water and carbon cycle and on agricultural production. Different versions of the model have been developed and applied to evaluate the role of natural and managed ecosystems in the Earth system and potential impacts of global environmental change. A comprehensive model description of the new model version, LPJmL4, is provided in a companion paper (Schaphoff et al., submitted). Here, we provide a full picture of the model performance, going beyond standard benchmark procedures, give hints of the strengths and shortcomings of the model to identify the need of further model improvement. Specifically, we evaluate LPJmL4 against various datasets from in-situ measurement sites, satellite observations, and agricultural yield statistics. We apply a range of metrics to evaluate the quality of the model to simulate stocks and flows of carbon and water in natural and managed ecosystems at different temporal and spatial scales. We show that an advanced phenology scheme improves the simulation of seasonal fluctuations in the atmospheric CO2 concentration while the permafrost scheme improves estimates of carbon stocks. The full LPJmL4 code including the new developments will be supplied Open Source through a Gitlab repository. We hope that this will lead to new model developments and applications that improve model performance and possibly build up a new understanding of the terrestrial biosphere.

scholarly journals Incorporation of pollen data in source maps is vital for pollen dispersion models

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 2099-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kurganskiy ◽  
Carsten Ambelas Skjøth ◽  
Alexander Baklanov ◽  
Mikhail Sofiev ◽  
Annika Saarto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Pollen Dispersion ◽  
Land Cover Data ◽  
Pollen Concentrations

Abstract. Information about distribution of pollen sources, i.e. their presence and abundance in a specific region, is important, especially when atmospheric transport models are applied to forecast pollen concentrations. The goal of this study is to evaluate three pollen source maps using an atmospheric transport model and study the effect on the model results by combining these source maps with pollen data. Here we evaluate three maps for the birch taxon: (1) a map derived by combining a land cover data and forest inventory, (2) a map obtained from land cover data and calibrated using model simulations and pollen observations, and (3) a statistical map resulting from analysis of forest inventory and forest plot data. The maps were introduced to the Enviro-HIRLAM (Environment – High Resolution Limited Area Model) as input data to simulate birch pollen concentrations over Europe for the birch pollen season 2006. A total of 18 model runs were performed using each of the selected maps in turn with and without calibration with observed pollen data from 2006. The model results were compared with the pollen observation data at 12 measurement sites located in Finland, Denmark, and Russia. We show that calibration of the maps using pollen observations significantly improved the model performance for all three maps. The findings also indicate the large sensitivity of the model results to the source maps and agree well with other studies on birch showing that pollen or hybrid-based source maps provide the best model performance. This study highlights the importance of including pollen data in the production of source maps for pollen dispersion modelling and for exposure studies.

scholarly journals MATCH-SALSA – Multi-scale Atmospheric Transport and CHemistry model coupled to the SALSA aerosol microphysics model – Part 1: Model description and evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Andersson ◽  
R. Bergström ◽  
C. Bennet ◽  
L. Robertson ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Aerosol Dynamics ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Model Match

Abstract. We have implemented the sectional aerosol dynamics model SALSA (Sectional Aerosol module for Large Scale Applications) in the European-scale chemistry-transport model MATCH (Multi-scale Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry). The new model is called MATCH-SALSA. It includes aerosol microphysics, with several formulations for nucleation, wet scavenging and condensation. The model reproduces observed higher particle number concentration (PNC) in central Europe and lower concentrations in remote regions. The modeled PNC size distribution peak occurs at the same or smaller particle size as the observed peak at four measurement sites spread across Europe. Total PNC is underestimated at northern and central European sites and accumulation-mode PNC is underestimated at all investigated sites. The low nucleation rate coefficient used in this study is an important reason for the underestimation. On the other hand, the model performs well for particle mass (including secondary inorganic aerosol components), while elemental and organic carbon concentrations are underestimated at many of the sites. Further development is needed, primarily for treatment of secondary organic aerosol, in terms of biogenic emissions and chemical transformation. Updating the biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) scheme will likely have a large impact on modeled PM2.5 and also affect the model performance for PNC through impacts on nucleation and condensation.

scholarly journals ORCHIDEE-MICT (revision 4126), a land surface model for the high-latitudes: model description and validation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Guimberteau ◽  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Fabienne Maignan ◽  
Ye Huang ◽  
Chao Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Temperature Bias

Abstract. The high-latitude regions of the northern hemisphere are a nexus for the interaction between land surface physical properties and their exchange of carbon and energy with the atmosphere. At these latitudes, two carbon pools of planetary significance – those of the permanently frozen soils (permafrost), and of the great expanse of boreal forest – are vulnerable to destabilization in the face of currently observed climatic warming, the speed and intensity of which are expected to increase with time. Improved projections of future Arctic and boreal ecosystem transformation require improved land surface models that integrate processes specific to these cold biomes. To this end, this study lays out relevant new parameterizations in the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model. These describe the interactions between soil carbon, soil temperature and hydrology, and their resulting feedbacks on water and CO2 fluxes, in addition to a recently-developed fire module. Outputs from ORCHIDEE-MICT, when forced by two climate input data sets, are extensively evaluated against: (i) temperature gradients between the atmosphere and deep soils; (ii) the hydrological components comprising the water balance of the largest high-latitude basins, and (iii) CO2 flux and carbon stock observations. The model performance is good with respect to empirical data, despite a simulated excessive plant water stress and a positive land surface temperature bias. In addition, acute model sensitivity to the choice of input forcing data suggests that the calibration of model parameters is strongly forcing-dependent. Overall, we suggest that this new model design is at the forefront of current efforts to reliably estimate future perturbations to the high-latitude terrestrial environment.

scholarly journals MATCH–SALSA – Multi-scale Atmospheric Transport and CHemistry model coupled to the SALSA aerosol microphysics model – Part 1: Model description and evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3265-3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Andersson ◽  
R. Bergström ◽  
C. Bennet ◽  
L. Robertson ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Aerosol Dynamics ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Model Match ◽  
Wet Scavenging ◽  
Condensational Growth

Abstract. We have implemented the sectional aerosol dynamics model SALSA in the European scale chemistry-transport model MATCH (Multi-scale Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry). The new model is called MATCH–SALSA. It includes aerosol microphysics, with several formulations for nucleation, wet scavenging and condensation. The model reproduces observed higher particle number concentration (PNC) in central Europe and lower concentrations in remote regions. The model PNC size distribution peak occurs at the same or smaller particle size as the observed peak at five measurement sites spread across Europe. Total PNC is underestimated at Northern and Central European sites and accumulation mode PNC is underestimated at all investigated sites. On the other hand the model performs well for particle mass, including secondary inorganic aerosol components. Elemental and organic carbon concentrations are underestimated at many of the sites. Further development is needed, primarily for treatment of secondary organic aerosol, both in terms of biogenic emissions and chemical transformation, and for nitrogen gas-particle partitioning. Updating the biogenic SOA scheme will likely have a large impact on modeled PM2.5 and also affect the model performance for PNC through impacts on nucleation and condensation. An improved nitrogen partitioning model may also improve the description of condensational growth.

scholarly journals Modelling of pollen dispersion in the atmosphere: evaluation with a continuous 1β+1δ lidar

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Michaël Sicard ◽  
Rebeca Izquierdo ◽  
Oriol Jorba ◽  
Marta Alarcón ◽  
Jordina Belmonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Pollen Dispersion ◽  
First Results ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Micro Pulse Lidar ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Pollen allergenicity plays an important role on human health and wellness. It is thus of large public interest to increase our knowledge of pollen grain behavior in the atmosphere (source, emission, processes involved during their transport, etc.) at fine temporal and spatial scales. First simulations with the Barcelona Supercomputing Center NMMB/BSC-CTM model of Platanus and Pinus dispersion in the atmosphere were performed during a 5-day pollination event observed in Barcelona, Spain, between 27 – 31 March, 2015. The simulations are compared to vertical profiles measured with the continuous Barcelona Micro Pulse Lidar system. First results show that the vertical distribution is well reproduced by the model in shape, but not in intensity, the model largely underestimating in the afternoon. Guidelines are proposed to improve the dispersion of airborne pollen by numerical prediction models.

scholarly journals ORCHIDEE-MICT (v8.4.1), a land surface model for the high latitudes: model description and validation

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Guimberteau ◽  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Fabienne Maignan ◽  
Ye Huang ◽  
Chao Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Temperature Bias

Abstract. The high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere are a nexus for the interaction between land surface physical properties and their exchange of carbon and energy with the atmosphere. At these latitudes, two carbon pools of planetary significance – those of the permanently frozen soils (permafrost), and of the great expanse of boreal forest – are vulnerable to destabilization in the face of currently observed climatic warming, the speed and intensity of which are expected to increase with time. Improved projections of future Arctic and boreal ecosystem transformation require improved land surface models that integrate processes specific to these cold biomes. To this end, this study lays out relevant new parameterizations in the ORCHIDEE-MICT land surface model. These describe the interactions between soil carbon, soil temperature and hydrology, and their resulting feedbacks on water and CO2 fluxes, in addition to a recently developed fire module. Outputs from ORCHIDEE-MICT, when forced by two climate input datasets, are extensively evaluated against (i) temperature gradients between the atmosphere and deep soils, (ii) the hydrological components comprising the water balance of the largest high-latitude basins, and (iii) CO2 flux and carbon stock observations. The model performance is good with respect to empirical data, despite a simulated excessive plant water stress and a positive land surface temperature bias. In addition, acute model sensitivity to the choice of input forcing data suggests that the calibration of model parameters is strongly forcing-dependent. Overall, we suggest that this new model design is at the forefront of current efforts to reliably estimate future perturbations to the high-latitude terrestrial environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document