Sampling strategy and product validation over nonuniform surface-based on TEM and CGM upscaling: A case study on LAI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Zhu ◽  
Lingling Ma ◽  
Chuanrong Li ◽  
Lingli Tang ◽  
Yongguang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Nonuniform Surface

scholarly journals Where are they working? A case study of twenty Cuban-trained South African doctors

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirah Motala ◽  
Jacqueline Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
South African ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Career Choices ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Primary Care Level

Background: The year 2017 marked the 21st anniversary of the South African Cuban Medical Collaboration (SACMC) programme that offers disadvantaged South African (SA) students an opportunity for medical training in Cuba. Graduates are expected to return to practice at a primary care level in rural communities; however, little is known about the professional trajectories and career choices of graduates from the programme.Aim: This study explored the reasons why students enrolled in the programme, their professional and career choices as graduates and their career intentions.Setting: The study setting was the whole of SA although participants were primarily drawn from KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: An exploratory, qualitative case study used a purposive sampling strategy to gather data through semi-structured interviews from participants.Results: Graduates (N = 20) of the SACMC programme were all practicing in local SA settings. Participants preferred the SACMC programme as it offered them a full scholarship for medical training. Nineteen doctors had fulfilled their obligation to work in rural areas. Thirteen doctors are engaged in primary healthcare practice, either as private practice generalists or as public service medical officers. Three doctors had completed specialty training: one doctor was training towards specialisation, one doctor was employed at national government and two doctors were employed as medical managers. At the time of the study, 11 doctors were practicing in rural locations and 19 had indicated a long-term intention to work and live within South Africa.Conclusion: The participants of this study who graduated from the SACMC programme are fulfilling their obligations in rural communities. They all intend to contribute to the SA medical workforce in the long-term.

scholarly journals Evaluating sampling strategy for DNA barcoding study of coastal and inland halo-tolerant Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae: A case study for increased sample size

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0185311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Cheng Yao ◽  
Hai-Yan Gao ◽  
Ya-Nan Wei ◽  
Jian-Hang Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Sampling Strategy

scholarly journals Analysing Teacher’s Difficulties in Teaching Listening Comprehension

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-517
Author(s):  
Putri Ayu Lestari ◽  
Renny Kurniasari ◽  
Winny Agustia Riznanda
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Research Designs

This study aimed to investigate the teacher’s difficulties in teaching listening at MAN 1 Palembang. This study used a qualitative research. One of the qualitative research designs applied in this study was case study design. The participant of this study was one of English teachers at MAN 1 Palembang. The participant of this study was taken from one of the four English teachers at MAN 1 Palembang by using criterion sampling strategy. The data were collected through interview. The data were analyzed and presented descriptively. there are six steps commonly used in analyzing qualitative data, as follows; (1) the researcher have to be familiar with entire body of data (2) generate codes, (3) search for themes (4) review themes (5) define and name themes, and (6) produce the report. The results of this study showed that the difficulties faced by the teacher’s in teaching listening at MAN 1 Palembang were related to as follows: (a) the students' psychological factor; (b) students’ background knowledge; (c) students’ attitude; (d) lack of students’ vocabulary; (e) teaching aids or media; (f) the material; and (g) method of teaching listening comprehension.

Optimization of the sampling strategy for establishing a gene bank: storing PrP alleles following a scrapie eradication plan as a case study

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernández ◽  
T. Roughsedge ◽  
J. A. Woolliams ◽  
B. Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Almost All

AbstractGene banks are usually used for storing general genetic variability of endangered living populations but can be also used for storing alleles of a particular locus that are being eradicated through artificial selection programmes. In such scenarios gene banks would allow future re-introduction of one or more of the alleles being eradicated (and the associated diversity) into living populations. Frequencies within the bank for the locus of interest should have pre-determined target values. In this study, an algorithm is derived to obtain the optimal contributions of all candidate donors to achieve the target frequencies of the removed alleles in the bank while maintaining at the same time genetic variability in other loci unlinked to those targeted in the eradication programme. The efficiency of the algorithm is tested using the case of gene banks storing prion protein alleles currently disfavoured in scrapie eradication programmes (i.e., the AHQ, ARH, ARQ and VRQ alleles). Results showed that the algorithm was able to find the combinations of candidate contributions fulfilling different objectives regarding target frequencies and restrictions on coancestry. The most important factors influencing the optimal contributions were the allelic frequencies and the levels of diversity (coancestry) of the living population. Heterozygotes were favoured over homozygous individuals as, for a given number of animals contributing to the bank, the use of heterozygotes leads to lower levels of coancestry. Notwithstanding, almost all donors were sampled when restrictions on the global genetic diversity to be stored were severe.

Why a Standardization of Strontium Isotope Baseline Environmental Data Is Needed and Recommendations for Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna N. Grimstead ◽  
Selin Nugent ◽  
Jean Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Sr Isotope ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Field Planning

ABSTRACTSince initial applications of strontium isotope human sourcing in the early 1990s, the use of the method has steadily increased in archaeology and in anthropology more broadly. Despite this trend, the collection of necessary baseline environmental data has not been standardized and sometimes does not occur at all. A thorough environmental sampling strategy will ensure that all the variability within a selected region is documented, which is a critical step to improving the accuracy of sourcing studies. Furthermore, shared strontium baseline data collections are needed to improve the intercomparability of datasets and results. This paper provides a case study from a semiarid region in northwestern New Mexico, USA, highlighting the need for a bottom-up approach to baseline data collection (from bedrock to animal) and describes the methods of pre-field planning and collecting, including rationales for what samples to collect for Sr isotope baseline data. The authors hope that this paper will lay a foundation for the implementation and standardization of Sr isotope baseline data collecting, which does not currently exist.

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