High-speed dual-energy x-ray photon counter Using a YAP(Ce)-Photomultiplier detector and its application to low-dose computed tomography

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Sato ◽  
Yuichi Sato ◽  
Yasuyuki Oda ◽  
Hodaka Moriyama ◽  
Osahiko Hagiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Photon Counter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

scholarly journals Low-Dosed X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging by Regularized Fully Spatial Fractional-Order Perona-Malik Diffusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwu Liao
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Edge Preserving ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Right ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Existing fractional-order Perona-Malik Diffusion (FOPMD) algorithms used in noise suppressing suffer from undesired artifacts and speckle effect, which hamper FOPMD used in low-dosed X-ray computed tomography (LDCT) imaging. In this paper, we propose a new FOPMD method for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) imaging, which is called regularized fully spatial FOPMD (RFS-FOPMD), whose numerical scheme is also given based on Grünwald-Letnikov derivative (G-L derivative). Here, fully spatial FOPMD represents all the integer-order derivatives (IODs) in the right hand of Perona-Malik Diffusion (PMD) which are replaced by fractional-order derivatives (FODs). Since the new scheme has advantages of both regularization and FOPMD, it has good abilities in singularities preserving while suppressing noise. Some real sinogram of LDCT are used to compare the different performances not only for some classical but also for some state-of-art diffusion schemes. These schemes include PMD, regularized PMD (RPMD), and FOPMD in (Hu et al. 2012). Experimental results show that besides good ability in edge preserving, the new scheme also has good stability for iteration number and can avoid artifacts and speckle effect with suitable parameters.

scholarly journals Added Value of Ultra–low-dose Computed Tomography, Dose Equivalent to Chest X-Ray Radiography, for Diagnosing Chest Pathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia J.M. Kroft ◽  
Levinia van der Velden ◽  
Irene Hernández Girón ◽  
Joost J.H. Roelofs ◽  
Albert de Roos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

High-speed photon-counting x-ray computed tomography system utilizing a multipixel photon counter

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Sato ◽  
Toshiyuki Enomoto ◽  
Manabu Watanabe ◽  
Keitaro Hitomi ◽  
Kiyomi Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Photon Counter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
X Ray Computed

Health and quality of life (QOL) issues in four groups of lung cancer patients: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screened, chest x-ray detected, incidentally found, and routinely diagnosed.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1610-1610
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
Kathleen J. Yost ◽  
Matthew M. Clark ◽  
Mariza de Andrade ◽  
Katherine M. Piderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

1610 Background: Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans have reduced lung cancer deaths by 20.3% in high risk populations, although there is an unknown balance between the benefits and harms of LDCT scans as a screening tool. Our purpose was to compare health-related QOL issues among lung cancer patients who were initially detected by LDCT scans; 4 comparison groups included: lung cancer diagnosed by a screening chest X-ray, as an incidental finding from procedures taken for other medical reasons, or based on symptoms indicative for lung cancer and routinely diagnosed, and individuals who were LDCT screened but found no lung cancer (controls who participated in Mayo’s lung cancer CT screening trial). Methods: A total of 1,658 lung cancer patients (cared at Mayo Clinic) in the 4 groups (37, 151, 389, and 1081 respectively) and 488 controls were compared on following patient-reported outcomes (collected via validated tools): overall QOL, four symptoms (cough, pain, dyspnea, fatigue), mental/ physical/ emotional/ social/ spiritual QOL, and other concerns (e.g., family/ friends/ financial/ legal). A clinically significant deficit was defined as at least 10-points in difference (or <50 points) on a 0-100 scale. The rates of deficits were compared via Fisher’s exact tests and average QOL values via Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Overall QOL and individual symptoms were significantly worse (p<0.05) in all lung cancer groups than in controls, except for pain. LDCT-screened patients reported the greatest deficit among the 4 lung cancer groups in physical (41%), emotional (24%), social (38%), and spiritual QOL (24%); whereas chest X-ray detected patients had the least deficit in overall QOL (22%) and pain (32%). All 4 lung cancer groups experienced much worse fatigue (52-64%) than the controls (32%). Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that LDCT-screening detected lung cancer patients reported a different QOL profile from other lung cancer patients and non-lung cancer controls. The clinical course, smoking behavior, and QOL related health issues associated with LDCT screening for lung cancer warrant thorough investigation.

scholarly journals Whole-body Computed Tomography Versus Dual Energy X‑ray Absorptiometry for Assessing Heterotopic Ossification in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Warner ◽  
Frederick S. Kaplan ◽  
Robert J. Pignolo ◽  
Stacy E. Smith ◽  
Edward C. Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Natural History Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Regions

AbstractFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare genetic disorder that leads to heterotopic ossification (HO), resulting in progressive restriction of physical function. In this study, low-dose, whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were evaluated to determine the preferred method for assessing total body burden of HO in patients with FOP. This was a non-interventional, two-part natural history study in patients with FOP (NCT02322255; date of registration: December 2014). In Part A (described here), WBCT and DXA scans were individually assessed for HO presence and severity across 15 anatomical regions. All images were independently reviewed by an expert imaging panel. Ten adult patients were enrolled across four sites. The sensitivity to HO presence and severity varied considerably between the two imaging modalities, with WBCT demonstrating HO in more body regions than DXA (76/138 [55%] versus 47/113 [42%]) evaluable regions). Inability to evaluate HO presence, due to overlapping body regions (positional ambiguity), occurred less frequently by WBCT than by DXA (mean number of non-evaluable regions per scan 1.2 [standard deviation: 1.5] versus 2.4 [1.4]). Based on the increased sensitivity and decreased positional ambiguity of low-dose WBCT versus DXA in measuring HO in patients with FOP, low-dose WBCT was chosen as the preferred imaging for measuring HO. Therefore, low-dose WBCT was carried forward to Part B of the natural history study, which evaluated disease progression over 36 months in a larger population of patients with FOP.

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