Estimating standing biomass of exotic macrophytes using sUAS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Howell ◽  
Robert J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Standing Biomass

scholarly journals Fuel manipulation with herbicide treatments to reduce fire hazard in young pine (Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea) plantations in south-east Queensland, Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Lewis ◽  
Joanne De Faveri
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Wildfire represents a major risk to pine plantations. This risk is particularly great for young plantations (generally less than 10 m in height) where prescribed fire cannot be used to manipulate fuel biomass, and where flammable grasses are abundant in the understorey. We report results from a replicated field experiment designed to determine the effects of two rates of glyphosate (450 g L–1) application, two extents of application (inter-row only and inter-row and row) with applications being applied once or twice, on understorey fine fuel biomass, fuel structure and composition in south-east Queensland, Australia. Two herbicide applications (~9 months apart) were more effective than a once-off treatment for reducing standing biomass, grass continuity, grass height, percentage grass dry weight and the density of shrubs. In addition, the 6-L ha–1 rate of application was more effective than the 3-L ha–1 rate of application in periodically reducing grass continuity and shrub density in the inter-rows and in reducing standing biomass in the tree rows, and application in the inter-rows and rows significantly reduced shrub density relative to the inter-row-only application. Herbicide treatment in the inter-rows and rows is likely to be useful for managing fuels before prescribed fire in young pine plantations because such treatment minimised tree scorch height during prescribed burns. Further, herbicide treatments had no adverse effects on plantation trees, and in some cases tree growth was enhanced by treatments. However, the effectiveness of herbicide treatments in reducing the risk of tree damage or mortality under wildfire conditions remains untested.

scholarly journals ECOSYSTEM BIOMASS AS A KEY PARAMETER DETERMINING ITS COASTAL PROTECTION SERVICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Maria Maza ◽  
Fernando Lopez-Arias ◽  
Javier L. Lara ◽  
Inigo J. Losada
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Flow Energy ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Attenuation Relationships ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Key Parameter

Estimation of the flow energy dissipation induced by an ecosystem that accounts for its characteristics (i.e. biomechanical properties, morphology, density) and the incident hydrodynamic conditions is crucial if ecosystem-based coastal protection measurements want to be implemented. Characterization of a vegetated ecosystem by measuring leaf traits, biomechanical properties of plants and the number of individuals per unit area involves a lot of effort and is case-specific. Standing biomass can be a unique variable defining the flow energy attenuation capacity of the ecosystem. To explore its relation to the induced energy attenuation on the flow, a new set of experiments using real vegetation with contrasting morphology and biomechanical properties, and subjected to different incident flow conditions is presented. The obtained standing biomass-attenuation relationships will help to quantify the expected coastal protection provided by different vegetated ecosystems based on their standing biomass and the flow conditions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/-qaKkBWZApk

scholarly journals How does agro-pastoralism affect forage and soil properties in western Serengeti, Tanzania?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-133
Author(s):  
Pius Yoram Kavana ◽  
Ephraim J. Mtengeti ◽  
Anthony Sangeda ◽  
Christopher Mahonge ◽  
Robert Fyumagwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Grazing Lands

The impacts of agro-pastoral activities on soil properties, plus nutritive value and residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants in areas of different land uses in western Serengeti, were evaluated. Vegetation and soil were sampled along 4,000 m transects laid across fallow land, areas grazed only by livestock, mixed grazing (livestock and wildlife) and wildlife grazing only. A total number of 123 plant species were encountered during sampling. Analyses of soil and vegetation samples were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture laboratories. The estimated average density of grazing animals encountered was 160 TLU/km2 on transects within livestock-dominated grazing lands, 129 TLU/km2 for mixed grazing and 83 TLU/km2 for wildlife grazing only. Results indicated that ADF, IVDMD, IVOMD, ME and TDN in residual herbaceous forage at flowering were significantly (P<0.05) affected by land use type but CP, NDF and ADL were not affected. Soil pH, OC, CEC, C:N ratio and Ca differed significantly (P<0.05) between land use types. An overall evaluation indicated that regardless of climatic conditions, residual biomass of herbaceous plants in western Serengeti is determined by intensity of grazing, soil C:N ratio and concentrations of Ca and P in the soil. We conclude that agro-pastoral practices conducted in western Serengeti affected residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants and soil properties. We recommend that grazing pressure in communal grazing lands be reduced by either reducing number of grazing animals or duration of grazing in a particular grazing area, and specific studies be conducted to establish stocking rates appropriate for specific communal grazing lands in villages.

Itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata) Response to Control Practices in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Nester ◽  
Thomas R. Harger ◽  
James P. Geaghan
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Weight Number

Field studies were conducted to document the response of itchgrass [Rottboellia exaltata(L.) L.f. ♯3ROOEX] in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Forrest’] to selected herbicides and postplanting cultivation. Early cultivation stimulated emergence of itchgrass seedlings; however, when plots were cultivated two or three times, itchgrass was effectively removed from the tilled area. Cultivation had no effect on the density, height, standing biomass, or seed production of itchgrass plants in the soybean row but did increase soybean yield. In response to a density reduction of 90%, the average weight, number of tillers and branches, and seed production of single itchgrass plants increased by a factor of 2.9, 3.1, 2.3 and 2.6, respectively, in trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine)-treated plots. Individual plants did not increase growth following density reduction by a postemergence application of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}. Itchgrass plants competing for the entire season in plots treated with trifluralin reduced soybean yield approximately 21 g per weed, while itchgrass recovering from diclofop treatment and competing the remainder of the season reduced yield approximately 5 g per weed.

scholarly journals Trade‐off between standing biomass and productivity in species‐rich tropical forest: Evidence, explanations and implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 2571-2583
Author(s):  
Takashi S. Kohyama ◽  
Matthew D. Potts ◽  
Tetsuo I. Kohyama ◽  
Kaoru Niiyama ◽  
Tze Leong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Standing Biomass

Author response for "Trade‐off between standing biomass and productivity in species‐rich tropical forest: evidence, explanations and implications"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi S. Kohyama ◽  
Matthew D. Potts ◽  
Tetsuo I. Kohyama ◽  
Kaoru Niiyama ◽  
Yao Tze Leong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Standing Biomass

Growth Characteristics of Three Macrophyte Species Growing in a Natural and Constructed Wetland System

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Adcock ◽  
G. G. Ganf
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Natural Wetland ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

Total, above and below ground biomass, growth, and tissue nutrient concentration of three species growing in two contrasting environments (a horizontal flow, constructed wetland fed tertiary effluent at Bolivar, South Australia, and a natural wetland, Bool Lagoon, south-eastern South Australia) were compared to determine relative performance of each species. Overall Baumea articulata and Phragmites australis performed poorly in trenches compared with natural wetland. Total biomass was 4.0 and 2.7, compared with 7.7 and 10.9 kg/m2 however, above ground (AG)/below ground (BG) ratios were similar at both locations (1 (Baum) and 0.42(Phrag)). Below ground mass was restricted to the top 25cm in the trenches but penetrated to &gt; 50cm in the natural wetland. Phragmites showed a marked decline in standing biomass during the winter period in both environments but Baumea increased standing biomass in the trenches. Although the mean tissue nutrient concentrations of N and P for plants grown in trenches were higher than their natural counterparts [3.18(Baum), 2.56(Phrag) vs. 0.68(Baum), 0.49(Phrag) mg P/g DWt.; 12.99(Baum), 23.06(Phrag) vs. 5.39(Baum), 8.92(Phrag) mg N/g DWt.], this was offset by the lower biomass of the plants in the trenches. In contrast, the semi-emergent Triglochin procerum performed exceptionally well in the trenches, compared with the other species, and with itself growing in Bool Lagoon. Total biomass was 15.4 kg/m2, AG/BG ratio was 6. Triglochin continued to grow vigorously throughout the winter and had a mean tissue concentration of 5.19 mg P, 22.63 mg N and 368 C/g dry weight. These data suggest that the effective removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by harvesting was 5 times higher for Triglochin than for Baumea or Phragmites in the trenches. The nitrogen concentrations in Triglochin suggest a protein content of 16–18% which compares favourably with lucerne.

scholarly journals BIOMASSA SESAAT SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN UNDUR-UNDUR LAUT (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: HIPPIDAE) DI PANTAI BERPASIR CILACAP DAN KEBUMEN, JAWA TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Ali Mahsar ◽  
Yusli Wardiatno
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Consumption Demand

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Mole crab is a benthic animal that live buried in sandy beach in the intertidal area. Mole crab has  an  important  ecological  role  and  also  has  economic  value.  The  sandy  beach  in  south  of Cilacap  and  Kebumen  is  mole  crab’s  habitat.  Mole  crab  exploitation  in  these  areas  has  been increasing  for  consumption  demand.  To  determine  the  significant  role  of  the  mole  crab  in  the provision  of  nutritious  food,  it  is  necessary  to  estimate  the  potential  of  mole  crab  biomass.  This study  aims  to  determine  standing  biomass  of  the  mole  crab  in  Kebumen  and  Cilacap  sandy beaches.  The  specimen  collection  was  conducted  by  sampling  methods  every  month  in  March 2012 to February 2013 on Bocor beach, Kebumen and June 2013 to May 2014 on Bunton beach, Cilacap. The data processing was conducted by descriptive statistics methods. The results showed that standing biomass of mole crab family Hippidae, namely Emerita emeritus and Hippa adactyla, fluctuated between 102 and 508 kg on the Kebumen sandy beach, and between 1,811 and 4,671 kg on the Cilacap sandy beach. Standing biomass of E. emeritus fluctuated between 82 and 497 kg on  the  Kebumen  sandy  beach  and  between  1,462  and  3,560  kg  on  the  Cilacap  sandy  beach.Standing biomass of H. adactyla fluctuated between 2 and 133 kg on the Kebumen sandy beach, and between 234 and 1,701 kg on the Cilacap sandy beach. The difference in standing biomass in each  location  was  caused  by  the  difference  of  sampling  time  and  environment  condition  of research area. The economic value potential of the mole crab as fishery resources is discussed.</p><p>Keywords: Emerita emeritus, Hippa adactyla, Hippidae, momentarily biomass,</p><p><strong><br />ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Undur-undur laut adalah kelompok hewan bentik yang hidup  mengubur di daerah intertidal bersusbtrat pasir. Undur-undur laut mempunyai peran ekologis penting dan juga bernilai ekonomis. Pantai  berpasir  selatan  Cilacap  dan  Kebumen  adalah  habitat  undur-undur  laut.  Penangkapan undur-undur  laut  di  kedua  wilayah  tersebut  makin  meningkat  untuk  kebutuhan  konsumsi.  Untuk mengetahui  peran  undur-undur  laut  dalam  mendukung  penyediaan  bahan  pangan  bergizi,  perlu diketahui potensi biomassa undur-undur laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biomassa sesaat  undur-undur  laut  dan  fluktuasinya  di  pantai  berpasir  Kabupaten  Kebumen  dan  Cilacap. Pengumpulan  spesimen  undur-undur  laut  dilakukan  dengan  metode  sampling  setiap  bulan  pada Maret 2012 hingga Februari 2013 di pantai Bocor Kebumen dan pada Juni 2013 hingga Mei 2014 di  pantai  Bunton  Cilacap.  Pengolahan  data  dilakukan  dengan  metode  statistik  deskriptif.  Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  besaran  biomassa  sesaat  (standing  biomass)  undur-undur  laut famili Hippidae, yaitu  Emerita emeritus  dan  Hippa adactyla, berfluktuasi  antara 102 kg hingga 508 kg di pantai berpasir Kebumen, dan antara 1.811 kg hingga 4.671 kg di pantai berpasir Cilacap. Standing biomass E. emeritus berfluktuasi antara 82 kg hingga 497 kg di pantai berpasir Kebumen dan  antara  1.462  kg  hingga  3.560  kg  di  pantai  berpasir  Cilacap.  Standing  biomass  H.  adactylaberkisar antara 2 kg hingga 133 kg di pantai berpasir Kebumen, dan antara 234 kg hingga 1.701 kg di  pantai  berpasir  Cilacap.  Perbedaan  besaran  standing  biomass  di  masing-masing  lokasi dipengaruhi  oleh  perbedaan  waktu  pengumpulan  data  undur-undur  laut  dan  perbedaan  kondisi lingkungan  lokasi  penelitian.  Potensi  ekonomi  sebagai  sumber  daya  perikanan  undur -undur  laut juga dibahas dalam paper ini.</p><p>Kata kunci: Emerita emeritus, Hippa adactyla, Hippidae, biomassa sesaat</p>

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