An optical method to detect tissue scattering: theory, experiments and biomedical applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inbar Yariv ◽  
Hamootal Duadi ◽  
Dror Fixler
Keyword(s):  
Optical Method ◽  
Scattering Theory ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Tissue Scattering

Laser-optical method of stimulation of cell metabolism and its biomedical applications

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Asimov ◽  
R. M. Asimov ◽  
A. N. Rubinov ◽  
S. A. Mamilov ◽  
S. S. Esman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Method ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Stimulation Of

Southern Hemisphere Seti Survey: Five Years of Project Meta II

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 611-621
Author(s):  
Guillermo A. Lemarchand ◽  
Fernando R. Colomb ◽  
E. Eduardo Hurrell ◽  
Juan Carlos Olalde
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Scattering Theory ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Inertial Frames ◽  
Interstellar Scattering ◽  
Extraterrestrial Origin ◽  
Spectral Channels

AbstractProject META II, a full sky survey for artificial narrow-band signals, has been conducted from one of the two 30-m radiotelescopes of the Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (IAR). The search was performed near the 1420 Mhz line of neutral hydrogen, using a 8.4 million channels Fourier spectrometer of 0.05 Hz resolution and 400 kHz instantaneous bandwidth. The observing frequency was corrected both for motions with respect to three astronomical inertial frames, and for the effect of Earths rotation, which provides a characteristic changing signature for narrow-band signals of extraterrestrial origin. Among the 2 × 1013spectral channels analyzed, 29 extra-statistical narrow-band events were found, exceeding the average threshold of 1.7 × 10−23Wm−2. The strongest signals that survive culling for terrestrial interference lie in or near the galactic plane. A description of the project META II observing scheme and results is made as well as the possible interpretation of the results using the Cordes-Lazio-Sagan model based in interstellar scattering theory.

Applications of Scanning Microscopy in Biomedical Research

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Content Information ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

Biomedical applications: Pitfalls in the practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. D. Shelburne ◽  
Peter Ingram ◽  
Victor L. Roggli ◽  
Ann LeFurgey
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Asbestos Fibers

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.

Biological and biomedical applications of collagenous biomaterials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 856-857
Author(s):  
Yasushi P. Kato ◽  
Michael G. Dunn ◽  
Frederick H. Silver ◽  
Arthur J. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Cover Slip ◽  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Defect Repair

Collagenous biomaterials have been used for growing cells in vitro as well as for augmentation and replacement of hard and soft tissues. The substratum used for culturing cells is implicated in the modulation of phenotypic cellular expression, cellular orientation and adhesion. Collagen may have a strong influence on these cellular parameters when used as a substrate in vitro. Clinically, collagen has many applications to wound healing including, skin and bone substitution, tendon, ligament, and nerve replacement. In this report we demonstrate two uses of collagen. First as a fiber to support fibroblast growth in vitro, and second as a demineralized bone/collagen sponge for radial bone defect repair in vivo.For the in vitro study, collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. Primary rat tendon fibroblasts (1° RTF) were isolated and cultured for 5 days on 1 X 15 mm sterile cover slips. Six to seven collagen fibers, were glued parallel to each other onto a circular cover slip (D=18mm) and the 1 X 15mm cover slip populated with 1° RTF was placed at the center perpendicular to the collagen fibers. Fibroblast migration from the 1 x 15mm cover slip onto and along the collagen fibers was measured daily using a phase contrast microscope (Olympus CK-2) with a calibrated eyepiece. Migratory rates for fibroblasts were determined from 36 fibers over 4 days.

Dynamical Scattering in Electron Diffraction of wet Protein Crystals

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
B. B. Chang ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Scattering Theory ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Electron Diffraction Data ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Major Question ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Acceleration Voltage

The significance of dynamical scattering effects remains the major question in the structural analysis by electron diffraction of protein crystals preserved in the hydrated state. In the few cases (single layers of purple membrane and 400-600 Å thick catalase crystals examined at 100 kV acceleration voltage) where electron-diffraction patterns were used quantitatively, dynamical scattering effects were considered unimportant on the basis of a comparison with x-ray intensities. The kinematical treatment is usually justified by the thinness of the crystal. A theoretical investigation by Ho et al. using Cowley-Moodie multislice formulation of dynamical scattering theory and cytochrome b5as the test object2 suggests that kinematical analysis of electron diffraction data with 100-keV electrons would not likely be valid for specimen thickness of 300 Å or more. We have chosen to work with electron diffraction patterns obtained from actual wet protein crystals (rat hemoglobin crystals of thickness range 1000 to 2500 Å) at 200 and 1000 kV and to analyze these for dynamical effects.

Multifunctional metal–organic framework heterostructures for enhanced cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintong Liu ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Jianping Lei
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Functional Modulation ◽  
Organic Framework

We review the general principle of the design and functional modulation of nanoscaled MOF heterostructures, and biomedical applications in enhanced therapy.

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