Synergistic effect of antimicrobial blue light (at 405 nm) and quinine against multidrug-resistant infections: in vitro and in vivo studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon G. Leanse ◽  
Pu-Ting Dong ◽  
Sharon X. Goh ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Effects of Probiotics in the Management of Infected Chronic Wounds: From Cell Culture to Human Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Brognara Lorenzo ◽  
Salmaso Luca ◽  
Mazzotti Antonio ◽  
Di M. Alberto ◽  
Faldini Cesare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Keywords Probiotics

Background: Chronic wounds are commonly associated with polymicrobial biofilm infections. In the last years, the extensive use of antibiotics has generated several antibiotic-resistant variants. To overcome this issue, alternative natural treatments have been proposed, including the use of microorganisms like probiotics. The aim of this manuscript was to review current literature concerning the application of probiotics for the treatment of infected chronic wounds. Methods: Relevant articles were searched in the Medline database using PubMed and Scholar, using the keywords “probiotics” and “wound” and “injuries”, “probiotics” and “wound” and “ulcer”, “biofilm” and “probiotics” and “wound”, “biofilm” and “ulcer” and “probiotics”, “biofilm” and “ulcer” and “probiotics”, “probiotics” and “wound”. Results: The research initially included 253 articles. After removal of duplicate studies, and selection according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 research articles were included and reviewed, accounting for 12 in vitro, 8 in vivo studies and 2 human studies (three articles dealing with animal experiments included also in vitro testing). Most of the published studies about the effects of probiotics for the treatment of infected chronic wounds reported a partial inhibition of microbial growth, biofilm formation and quorum sensing. Discussion: The application of probiotics represents an intriguing option in the treatment of infected chronic wounds with multidrug-resistant bacteria; however, current results are difficult to compare due to the heterogeneity in methodology, laboratory techniques, and applied clinical protocols. Lactobacillus plantarum currently represents the most studied strain, showing a positive application in burns compared to guideline treatments, and an additional mean in chronic wound infections. Conclusions: Although preliminary evidence supports the use of specific strains of probiotics in certain clinical settings such as infected chronic wounds, large, long-term clinical trials are still lacking, and further research is needed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Blue Light Inactivation of Gram-Negative Pathogens in Biofilms: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (9) ◽  
pp. 1380-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucheng Wang ◽  
Ximing Wu ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Rehab Amin ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of 3 Commercial Bacteriophage Cocktails Against Salmonella and Shigella spp. Isolates of Human Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odette J. Bernasconi ◽  
Valentina Donà ◽  
Regula Tinguely ◽  
Andrea Endimiani
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
First Time

Background: Salmonella and Shigella spp. are 2 of the most frequent and deadly enteric bacterial pathogens recorded worldwide. In developing countries Salmonella infections are responsible for many deaths annually and these mortality rates are prone to increase due to the emergence of resistance to antibiotics. In this overall scenario new alternative therapeutic approaches are needed.Methods: For the first time, we investigated the activity of 3 commercial bacteriophage cocktails (INTESTI, Septaphage, PYO) against a collection of contemporary Salmonella spp. (n = 30) and Shigella spp. (n = 20) strains isolated in Switzerland. Phage susceptibility was determined by implementing the spot test.Results: The overall susceptibility of Salmonella spp. to INTESTI and Septaphage was 87% and 77%, respectively. With regard to Shigella spp., the overall susceptibility to INTESTI and Septaphage was 95% and 55%, respectively. PYOwas observed to be active against only 10% of Salmonella spp. but against 95% of Shigella spp.Conclusions: Our results seem promising, especially for the INTESTI biopreparation against Salmonella enterica infections. Nevertheless, such speculation should be supported by further in vivo studies to confirm efficacy and safety of the cocktails. We also emphasize the importance of large in vitro screening analyses aimed to assess the activity of such biopreparations against contemporary multidrug-resistant strains that are emerging worldwide.Keywords: commercial; bacteriophages; Salmonella; Shigella cocktails

scholarly journals In Vitro Interactions of Echinocandins with Triazoles Against Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S82-S82
Author(s):  
Hamid Badalii
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

Abstract Background Blood stream infections due to Candida auris are related to a high mortality rate and treatment failure attributed to resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. Thus, the precise identification of agents and in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing is highly recommended. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as combination therapy, are essential for increasing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of antifungal agents. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro combination of micafungin plus voriconazole against multidrug-resistant C. auris isolated from cases of candidemia. Methods The in vitro interactions between echinocandins and azoles were determined against ten multidrug-resistant Candida auris strains by using a microdilution checkerboard technique. Results Results revealed that MICs range for voriconazole and micafungin were 0.5–8 and 0.25–8 mg/l, respectively. The checkerboard analysis revealed that the combination of micafungin with voriconazole exhibited synergistic activity against all 10 multidrug-resistant C. auris isolates (FICI range: 0.15–0.5). Overall, no antagonistic effects were observed in this experiments. Conclusion In vitro studies have previously suggested that among azoles isavuconazole and posaconazole are more active drugs against C. auris. In addition, the majority of isolates reported are resistant to fluconazole. Remarkably, unsuccessful treatment of C. auris infections with fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, and anidulafungin has been already on record. Here in we demonstrates that interaction between micafungin with voriconazole exhibited synergistic activity against multidrug-resistant C. auris isolates. It seems that lower concentrations of drugs cause fewer side-effects and improve the treatment outcomes. However, in vivo studies with suitable animal models of C. auris infection is highly recommended. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

An effective zinc phthalocyanine derivative against multidrug-resistant bacterial infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Yuxiang Zhang ◽  
Shufeng Yan ◽  
Zihan Chen ◽  
Yicai Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Phthalocyanine Derivative

Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections are abundant worldwide. The rise in the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has made the need for alternative means of treatment more pressing. We herein report a zinc phthalocyanine derivative, pentalysine [Formula: see text]-carbonylphthalocyanine zinc (ZnPc-(Lys)[Formula: see text] and its strong capability of killing nosocomial MDR bacteria, including MDR-Escherichia coli and MDR-Acinetobacter baumannii. In vitro studies, we observed that ZnPc-(Lys)5 in micromolar concentrations killed above MDR bacteria in 6~6.5 log10 orders with only 5-min illumination of red light at a dosage of 12.75 J/cm[Formula: see text]. Further in vivo studies on a mouse infection model demonstrated that ZnPc-(Lys)5 efficiently inhibited the MDR bacterial growth after one-time photodynamic antibacterial therapy and, interestingly, significantly accelerated the wound healing. Putting together, our findings establish ZnPc-(Lys)5 as a potent antimicrobial candidate for the clinical test on localized infection.

scholarly journals Synergy between Florfenicol and Aminoglycosides against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Livestock

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukho Kim ◽  
Jung Hwa Woo ◽  
So Hyun Jun ◽  
Dong Chan Moon ◽  
Suk-Kyung Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Combination Regimen ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effective Combination

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the laborious development of novel antimicrobial agents have limited the options for effective antimicrobial therapy. The combination of previously used antimicrobial agents represents an alternative therapy for multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of a florfenicol (FFL)-based combination with other antimicrobial agents against MDR Escherichia coli isolates from livestock using checkerboard assays and murine infection models. The FFL/amikacin (AMK) and FFL/gentamicin (GEN) combinations showed synergy against 10/11 and 6/11 MDR E. coli isolates in vitro, respectively. The combination of FFL with aminoglycosides (AMK or GEN) exhibited a better synergistic effect against MDR E. coli isolates than the cephalothin (CEF)/GEN or FFL/CEF combinations. The combination of FFL with AMK or GEN could reduce the emergence of resistant mutants in vitro. The FFL/AMK combination showed a higher survival rate of mice infected with MDR E. coli isolates than FFL or AMK alone. In summary, the combination of FFL with aminoglycosides (AMK or GEN) is highly effective against MDR E. coli isolates both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings may contribute to the discovery of an effective combination regimen against MDR E. coli infections in veterinary medicine.

scholarly journals Losing the Battle but Winning the War: Can Defeated Antibacterials Form Alliances to Combat Drug-Resistant Pathogens?

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Song Oh ◽  
Raymond Chau ◽  
Anh T. Nguyen ◽  
Justin R. Lenhard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Combinations

Despite the recent development of antibacterials that are active against multidrug-resistant pathogens, drug combinations are often necessary to optimize the killing of difficult-to-treat organisms. Antimicrobial combinations typically are composed of multiple agents that are active against the target organism; however, many studies have investigated the potential utility of combinations that consist of one or more antibacterials that individually are incapable of killing the relevant pathogen. The current review summarizes in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that evaluate combinations that include at least one drug that is not active individually against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, or Staphylococcus aureus. Polymyxins were often included in combinations against all three of the Gram-negative pathogens, and carbapenems were commonly incorporated into combinations against K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii. Minocycline, sulbactam, and rifampin were also frequently investigated in combinations against A. baumannii, whereas the addition of ceftaroline or another β-lactam to vancomycin or daptomycin showed promise against S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin or daptomycin. Although additional clinical studies are needed to define the optimal combination against specific drug-resistant pathogens, the large amount of in vitro and in vivo studies available in the literature may provide some guidance on the rational design of antibacterial combinations.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Minocycline, Tigecycline, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin against Elizabethkingia anophelis using In Vitro Time-Kill Assays and In Vivo Zebrafish Animal Models

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Jiun-Nong Lin ◽  
Chung-Hsu Lai ◽  
Yi-Han Huang ◽  
Chih-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Time Kill

Elizabethkingia anophelis is a multidrug-resistant pathogen. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of minocycline, tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin using in vitro time-kill assays and in vivo zebrafish animal models. The E. anophelis strain ED853-49 was arbitrarily selected from a bacterial collection which was concomitantly susceptible to minocycline, tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. The antibacterial activities of single agents at 0.5–4 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and dual-agent combinations at 2 × MIC using time-kill assays were investigated. The therapeutic effects of antibiotics in E. anophelis-infected zebrafish were examined. Both minocycline and tigecycline demonstrated bacteriostatic effects but no bactericidal effect. Minocycline at concentrations ≥2 × MIC and tigecycline at concentrations ≥3 × MIC exhibited a long-standing inhibitory effect for 48 h. Bactericidal effects were observed at ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin concentrations of ≥3 × MIC within 24 h of initial inoculation. Rapid regrowth of E. anophelis occurred after the initial killing phase when ciprofloxacin was used, regardless of the concentration. Levofloxacin treatment at the concentration of ≥2 × MIC consistently resulted in the long-lasting and sustainable inhibition of bacterial growth for 48 h. The addition of minocycline or tigecycline weakened the killing effect of fluoroquinolones during the first 10 h. The minocycline-ciprofloxacin or minocycline–levofloxacin combinations achieved the lowest colony-forming unit counts at 48 h. Zebrafish treated with minocycline or a combination of minocycline and levofloxacin had the highest survival rate (70%). The results of these in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the combination of minocycline and levofloxacin is the most effective therapy approach for E. anophelis infection.

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