Image matching by means of intensity and texture matching in the Fourier domain

Author(s):  
Harold S. Stone ◽  
Chung-Sheng Li
Author(s):  
W. Baumeister ◽  
R. Rachel ◽  
R. Guckenberger ◽  
R. Hegerl

IntroductionCorrelation averaging (CAV) is meanwhile an established technique in image processing of two-dimensional crystals /1,2/. The basic idea is to detect the real positions of unit cells in a crystalline array by means of correlation functions and to average them by real space superposition of the aligned motifs. The signal-to-noise ratio improves in proportion to the number of motifs included in the average. Unlike filtering in the Fourier domain, CAV corrects for lateral displacements of the unit cells; thus it avoids the loss of resolution entailed by these distortions in the conventional approach. Here we report on some variants of the method, aimed at retrieving a maximum of information from images with very low signal-to-noise ratios (low dose microscopy of unstained or lightly stained specimens) while keeping the procedure economical.


Author(s):  
A. Olsen ◽  
J.C.H. Spence ◽  
P. Petroff

Since the point resolution of the JEOL 200CX electron microscope is up = 2.6Å it is not possible to obtain a true structure image of any of the III-V or elemental semiconductors with this machine. Since the information resolution limit set by electronic instability (1) u0 = (2/πλΔ)½ = 1.4Å for Δ = 50Å, it is however possible to obtain, by choice of focus and thickness, clear lattice images both resembling (see figure 2(b)), and not resembling, the true crystal structure (see (2) for an example of a Fourier image which is structurally incorrect). The crucial difficulty in using the information between Up and u0 is the fractional accuracy with which Af and Cs must be determined, and these accuracies Δff/4Δf = (2λu2Δf)-1 and ΔCS/CS = (λ3u4Cs)-1 (for a π/4 phase change, Δff the Fourier image period) are strongly dependent on spatial frequency u. Note that ΔCs(up)/Cs ≈ 10%, independent of CS and λ. Note also that the number n of identical high contrast spurious Fourier images within the depth of field Δz = (αu)-1 (α beam divergence) decreases with increasing high voltage, since n = 2Δz/Δff = θ/α = λu/α (θ the scattering angle). Thus image matching becomes easier in semiconductors at higher voltage because there are fewer high contrast identical images in any focal series.


2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinde Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Lidan Shou ◽  
Gang Chen

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 3157-3160
Author(s):  
Zhen-hua XUE ◽  
Ping WANG ◽  
Chu-han ZHANG ◽  
Si-jia CAI

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